The Sentence

1. objectives UNIT 1 The Sentence 1. To understand that a sentence expresses a complete thought. 2. To recognize the different kinds of sentences. 3. To identify the eight parts of speech. 4. To write sentences effectively. UNIT 1

2. Section 1A Sentence • A sentence expresses a complete thought through a series or group of words. • A simple sentence consists of two important parts, the subject (a noun or pronoun) and the verb. • The subject noun is a person, place, or thing spoken of, and the verb is the word that tells what the subject does or is. • A group of words is not a sentence unless it contains both a subject and a verb. UNIT 1

3. Section 1The Sentence • Alexa went to the trade show. • Alexawent to the trade show. Analysis • Alexa—person spoken of—subject • went—tells what Alexa did—verb UNIT 1

4. Section 1The Sentence example • Anthony in his car at the toll booth. • Anthony in his car at the toll booth. Analysis • Anthony—person spoken of—subject • There is no verb to tell what Anthony did—the sentence is incomplete. • A verb such as drove, sat, or waited is needed to complete the sentence. Correct • Anthony waited in his car at the toll booth. UNIT 1

5. Section 1The Sentence—Compound Subjects Take Plural Verbs • Grace and Tom walk two miles every day. • Grace and Tomwalk two miles every day. Analysis • Grace, Tom—persons spoken of—subject • walk—tells what Grace and Tom do—verb UNIT 1

6. Section 2Kinds of Sentences • Declarative • Interrogative • Exclamatory • Imperative UNIT 1

7. Section 2Declarative Sentence • The declarative sentence makes a statement. • It ends with a period. Examples: • The band played many new songs. • Jennifer Lopez sings with a band. UNIT 1

8. Section 2Interrogative Sentence • The interrogative sentence asks a question. • It ends with a question mark. Examples: • Are you looking for a job? • How long have you been in school? UNIT 1

9. Section 2Exclamatory Sentence • The exclamatory sentence expresses surprise, disbelief, or deep feeling. • It ends with an exclamation point. Examples • That was a great movie! • Watch out for that runaway truck! UNIT 1

10. Section 2Imperative Sentence • The imperative sentence gives a command, requests someone to do something, or begs. • It usually ends with a period, but a strong command may end with an exclamation point. • The subject you is often omitted, but understood. UNIT 1

11. Section 2Imperative Sentence example • Listen to the teacher. (you understood) • Keep your hand down. (you understood) • Look at these new Web sites. • Don't touch that delete button! (imperative and exclamatory) UNIT 1

12. Section 3Parts of Speech • Most of the words that are used to make sentences can be sorted into eight classifications called parts of speech. • Some words can be more than one part of speech depending on their position or use in a sentence. UNIT 1

13. Section 3-ANouns -A noun names a person, a place, a thing, a concept, or an activity. • Michael Jordan played basketball in Chicago. • Michael Jordan played basketball in Chicago. Analysis • Michael Jordan—names a person—noun • basketball—names a thing—noun • Chicago—names a place—noun UNIT 1

14. Section 3-ANouns example • Hope springs eternal. • Hope springs eternal. Analysis • Hope—names a concept—noun UNIT 1

15. Section 3-ANouns example • Cross-training keeps Sonya and Chris fit. • Cross-training keeps Sonya and Chris fit. Analysis • Cross-training—names an activity—noun • Sonya and Chris—name people—nouns UNIT 1

16. Section 3-BPronouns – A pronoun is a word used as a substitute for a noun. • He ran to catch the bus. • He ran to catch the bus. Analysis • He—used in place of the name of the individual—pronoun UNIT 1

17. Section 3-BPronouns example • They visited the Hawaiian Islands. • They visited the Hawaiian Islands. Analysis • They—used in place of the names of the individuals—pronoun UNIT 1

18. Section 3-BPronouns example • The school admitted them. • The school admitted them. Analysis • them—used in place of the names of the individuals—pronoun UNIT 1

19. Section 3-CVerbs -A verb tells what the subject does or is or what happens to it. • It can make a statement, ask a question, or give a command. • Nichole Walter wrote an interesting term paper. • Nichole Walter wrote an interesting term paper. Analysis • wrote—tells what the subject, Nichole Walter, did—verb UNIT 1

20. Section 3-CVerbs example • Is Maui one of the Hawaiian Islands? • Is Maui one of the Hawaiian Islands? Analysis • Is—asks a question about the subject, Maui—verb UNIT 1

21. Section 3-CVerbs example • Handle that vase carefully! • Handle that vase carefully! Analysis • Handle—gives a command to the understood subject, you (You handle that vase carefully!)—verb UNIT 1

22. Section 3-DAdjectives • An adjective modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun. • It answers such questions as these: How many? How big? What kind? Which? • A, an, and the are adjectives. • Definite (the) and indefinite (a, an) adjectives are referred to as articles. UNIT 1

23. Section 3-DAdjectives example • The three sisters started a new business. • Thethree sisters started anew business. Analysis • The—definite adjective • three—tells how many sisters—adjective • a—indefinite adjective • new—tells what kind of business—adjective UNIT 1

24. Section 3-DAdjectives example • The veteran coach wears blue hats. • Theveteran coach wears blue hats. Analysis • The—definite adjective • veteran—tells what kind of coach—adjective • blue—tells what kind of hats—adjective UNIT 1

25. Section 3-E Adverbs • An adverb modifies (describes) a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • It answers such questions as these: When? Where? How? • Most words ending in ly are adverbs. • Five common exceptions are friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, and ugly, which are adjectives. UNIT 1

26. Section 3-E Adverbs example • Sandy walked quickly in the hot sand. • Sandy walked quickly in the hot sand. Analysis • quickly—modifies the verb, walked, by telling how—adverb UNIT 1

27. Section 3-E Adverbs example • The moving van traveled south from San Francisco. • The moving van traveled south from San Francisco. Analysis • south—modifies the verb, traveled, by telling where or in what direction—adverb UNIT 1

28. Section 3-E Adverbs example • Anne seldom missed a basketball game. • Anne seldom missed a basketball game. Analysis • seldom—modifies the verb, missed, by telling when—adverb UNIT 1

29. Section 3-FPrepositions • A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence. UNIT 1

30. Section 3-F Prepositions example • The police chased the thief around the house and into the bushes. • The police chased the thief around the house and into the bushes. Analysis • around—shows relationship between house and chased • into—shows relationship between bushes and chased—preposition UNIT 1

31. Section 3-FPrepositions example • The election established the winner by a majority of the votes. • The election established the winner by a majority of the votes. Analysis • by—shows relationship between majority and winner—preposition • of—shows relationship between votes and majority—preposition UNIT 1

32. Section 3-GConjunctions • A conjunction joins words, phrases (groups of related words that lack a subject or a verb), and clauses (groups of words containing a subject and a verb). UNIT 1

33. Section 3-GConjunctions example • Mysteries and comedies are my favorite television shows. • Mysteries and comedies are my favorite television shows. Analysis • and—joins the words Mysteries and comedies—conjunction UNIT 1

34. Section 3-GConjunctions example • Was your aunt the senator or governor of your state? • Was your aunt the senator or governor of your state? Analysis • or—joins the words senator and governor—conjunction UNIT 1

35. Section 3-GConjunctions example • The parents of the players and the students left the dressing room. • The parents of the players and the students left the dressing room. Analysis • and—joins the phrases The parents of the players and the students—conjunction UNIT 1

36. Section 3-GConjunctions example • When I entered the garage, I noticed the flat tire. • When I entered the garage, I noticed the flat tire. Analysis • When—introduces and joins the clause When I entered the garage with the clause I noticed the flat tire—conjunction UNIT 1

37. Section 3-HInterjections • An interjection is a word or words used to express strong and sudden feeling—surprise, fear, suspense, anger, love, joy, and other emotions. • Words such as wow, ouch, hurrah, oh, and hooray are interjections. • Words such as help, beware, and stop (usually verbs) may be used as interjections. UNIT 1

38. Section 3-HInterjections example • Ouch! That match burned my hand. • Ouch! That match burned my hand. Analysis • Ouch!—expresses sudden feeling—interjection UNIT 1

39. Section 3-HInterjections example • Wow! I finally found the perfect job. • Wow! I finally found the perfect job. Analysis • Wow!—expresses sudden feeling—interjection UNIT 1