Cohesion

1. Cohesion Cohesion describes the way in which a text is tied together by linguistic devices, such as And so we see . . . , Additonally . . . , Therefore . . . , However . . . and On the other hand . . .

2. coherence • A text has coherence if its constituent sentences follow on one from the other in an orderly fashion so that the reader can make sense of the entire text.

3. continued • Time flies like an arrow. On the other hand, fruit flies like a banana. Cohesive but incoherent?  • A little, but not entirely, like Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.

4. continued • Cohesion is "the glue that sticks a sentence to another in a paragraph or a paragraph to another in a text." • A text can be cohesive through the use of the following devices: • Repetition. In sentence B (the second of any two sentences), repeat a word from sentence A. • Synonymy. If direct repetition is too obvious, use a synonym of the word you

5. continued • Synonymy. If direct repetition is too obvious, use a synonym of the word you wish to repeat. This strategy is call 'elegant variation.' • Antonymy. Using the 'opposite' word, an antonym, can also create sentence cohesion, since in language antonyms actually share more elements of meaning than you might imagine. • Parallelism. Repeat a sentence structure. This technique is the oldest, most overlooked, but probably the most elegant method of creating cohesion.

6. continued • Transitions. Use a conjunction or conjunctive adverb to link sentences with particular logical relationships. There are many kinds of transitions. • Coherence means that the text is easy to read and understand because the text follows a certain kind of logical order and the organization of ideas is systematical and logical. • Some kinds of logical order: • chronological order, spatial order, order of importance