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FLUID BALANCE

FLUID BALANCE. D. C. Mikulecky. FLUID BALANCE. The Balance Concept: Input -Output = Storage/Depletion Body Fluid Compartments Regulation of fluid balance Relation between Salt Balance and ECF Volume. The Balance Concept: Input -Output = Storage/Depletion. Storage. Internal Pool (ECF

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FLUID BALANCE

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  1. FLUID BALANCE D. C. Mikulecky

  2. FLUID BALANCE • The Balance Concept: Input -Output = Storage/Depletion • Body Fluid Compartments • Regulation of fluid balance • Relation between Salt Balance and ECF Volume

  3. The Balance Concept: Input -Output = Storage/Depletion Storage Internal Pool (ECF Concentration) of substance Excretion Inputs from environment Inside Body Metabolic Production Metabolic Consumption

  4. Body Fluid Compartments

  5. BODY FLUID COMPARTMENT COMPOSITION Intracellular Fluid Plasma Interstitial Fluid

  6. Regulation of fluid balance • ECF Volume: Maintains blood pressure • ECF Osmolarity: Prevents swelling or shrinking of cells

  7. ECF Volume: Maintains blood pressure - Short Term • A Change in ECF Volume can raise or lower blood pressure • Barorecepter reflexes: Alter Cardiac output and Total Peripheral Resistance leading to a compensatory alteration in blood pressure • Fluid automatically shifts between plasma and interstitial fluid with rises or fall in blood pressure

  8. Relation between Salt Balance and ECF Volume • The total sodium load (quantity of sodium, not its concentration) in the ECF determines the total amount of water that will be osmotically retained • The total sodium load is determined by the balance relation

  9. The Balance Concept: Input -Output = Storage/Depletion Storage Internal Pool (ECF Concentration) of substance Excretion Inputs from environment Inside Body Metabolic Production Metabolic Consumption

  10. Control of sodium load • Control of amount filtered by regulating GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) • Control of sodium reabsorption through the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system

  11. ECF Osmolarity: Prevents swelling or shrinking of cells • ECF hypertonicity is associated with dehydration • ECF hypotonicity is associated with overhydration • Control of water balance is by thirst and vasopressin

  12. Blood pressure and renal handling of sodium FALL IN SODIUM LOAD RELIEVES FALL IN ARTERIAL PRESSURE INCREASE IN ALDOSTERONE SECRETION FALL IN GFR FALL IN EXCRETION OF SODIUM, CHLORIDE, AND FLUID FALL IN FILTERED SODIUM INCREASE IN SODIUM ABSORPTION INCREASED CONSERVATION OF SODIUM AND FLUID

  13. DAILY WATER BALANCE (LITERS) • FLUID INTAKE 1.25 • IN FOOD 1.0 • METABOLIC 0.35 • INSENSIBLE 0.9 • SWEAT 0.1 • FECES 0.1 • URINE 1.5 OUTPUT (ml/day) INPUT (ml/day) 2.6 TOTAL 2.6 TOTAL

  14. WATER DEFICIT • INCREASED OSMOLARITY SENSED BY HYPOTHALAMIC WATER RECEPTORS • FALL IN ECF VOLUME • FALL IN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE RELIEVES RELIEVES STIMULATION OF HYPOYHALAMIC NEURONS INCREASED VASOPRESSIN OPEN PORES IN COLLECTING DUCT ARTERIOLAR VASOCONSTRICTION INCREASED THIRST MORE WATER REABSORBED INCREASED WATER INTAKE FALL IN URINE OUTPUT DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLARITY DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLARITY

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