FLUID BALANCE

1. FLUID BALANCE

2. WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO ALL LIVING THINGS! • Why? • Nutrients are dissolved in H2O in the blood and carried to the cells. • H2O carries waste products out of the cells.

3. Essential Continued… • Sweat and blood help to regulate body temperature. • H2O is a reactant in many biochemical reactions. • Water is important in living cells so that diffusion and osmosis can occur easily.

4. Solvents and Solutes • Water is a solvent. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a substance. • The substance that is dissolved is called the solute. • Example…….Sea Water Water is the solvent and salt is the solute.

5. Diffusion and Osmosis • Remember diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • Osmosis is diffusion occurring through a membrane.

6. Nutrients • Nutrients released in digestion move by osmosis into the cells of the small intestine and then into blood vessels. Blood carries the nutrients through the body. • Nutrients will diffuse out of the blood into the interstitial fluidsand then into the cells. • Interstitial fluids fill the spaces between the cells.

7. The Heart • Bulk Flow Bulk flow is the movement of blood caused by the pressure changes caused by the heart pumping action.

8. Blood flow pathway • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kxeon1MfbvA

9. BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART • Blood is carried to the heart by the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava veins which empty into the Right Atrium. • The Right Atrium contracts sending blood through the Tricuspid valve into the Right Ventricle.

11. Flow through the heart • When the Right Ventricle contracts, blood is pumped through the PulmonarySemilunar Valve into the PulmonaryArteries which carry blood to the lungs. • Blood returns from the lungs in the Pulmonary Veinswhich empty into the Left Atrium.

12. Bad Valves • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taFIosFaprQ

13. Flow through the heart cont… • When the Left Atrium contracts, blood is forced through the Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve) into the Left Ventricle. • When the Left Ventricle contracts, it forces blood through the AorticSemilunar Valveinto the Aorta or AorticArtery, which carries blood out to the body.

15. NOTE: Arteries branch off from the Aorta to carry blood to different areas of the body. • ALSO: When the heart beats…the right and left atria contract together first and then the right and left ventricles contract together.

16. Heart Pumps • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6noD5J2yQ4

17. Heartbeat can get off rhythm • A pacemaker monitors and helps control your heartbeat. • electrodes detect your heart's electrical activity and send data through the wires to the computer in the generator. • With abnormal heart rhythm, the generator sends electrical pulses through wires to your heart.

18. Pacemakers • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMXBR_YFocs

19. BLOOD PRESSURE • Blood pressure is a measurement of the blood pushing out on the walls of the blood vessels. It is measured in m.m. of Hg. • Normal B.P. • Males 120/80 • Females 110/70

20. What do the Numbers mean? • Systolic Pressure (top number) Systolic pressure measures the force when the heart beats. • Diastolic Pressure (bottom number) Diastolic pressure is the measure of the force in between beats.

21. Hydrostatic Pressure • Pressure caused by the weight of a fluid above the point of measurement • Heart works against hydrostatic pressure when it pumps blood to the neck and head. • Heart works against same pressure when pumping blood out of legs. • Walking help “pump” blood back to the heart through muscles contracting and relaxing. (elevating legs to alleviate swelling)

22. Hypertension • High Blood Pressure • can quietly damage your body for years before symptoms develop. • Can lead to a disability, a poor quality of life or even a fatal heart attack. • Treatment and lifestyle changes can drastically lower the risk

23. Hypertension Damages: Arteries: Narrowing of arteries Aneurysm (bubble on wall can burst) Heart:Coronary Artery Disease (blood flow to heart muscle diminished) Enlarged Left Heart (muscle thickens to handle work load) Heart Failure (heart wears out) Brain: Stroke and other complications Kidneys:Kidney Failure and other complications

24. Aneurysm

25. Enlarged Heartintranet.tdmu.edu.ua

26. Coronary Heart Disease

27. 5 major effects of High BP • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCLHbwBBvFc

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29. HOW TO MEASURE BLOOD PRESSUREWITH A SPHYGMOMENOMETER • Place cuff on arm at heart level. • Inflate cuff (no higher than 250 mm). Inflating the cuff stops the flow of blood through the Brachial Artery.

30. Measuring BP Continued 3. Place the stethoscope at inner elbow on top of the Brachial Artery and slowly release pressure from the cuff. 4. When you hear pulse…that is the systolic pressure. 5. Continue to release pressure until heart pulse is no longer heard…that is the diastolic pressure.

31. BP measurement Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6saTO8_o2g • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFGGJmS7Wdo

32. HOW YOUR BODY RETAINS FLUIDS • Water is used in processes that remove waste products from our cells. We cannot afford to lose large amounts of H2O in removing wastes. We must recapture or recycle as much H2O as possible.

33. Sipe for President!! By barber

34. Filtration • KIDNEYS Kidneys are organs that filter out waste products that are removed in urine. • FILTRATION Filtration is the method of removing the waste products from the blood.

35. Kidneys at Work • The Renal Arteries bring blood to the kidneys. • The kidneys remove H2O and wastes from the blood. • The wastes are separated from the H2O • Most of the water is then returned to the blood.

36. Efficiency • We filter about 180 liters of H2O in 1 day. About 179 liters are returned to the blood. Therefore we lose about 1 liter per day in urine. • Renal Failure Kidneys lose filtering ability. Wastes accumulate in blood and can throw off blood chemistry can be fatal

37. Regulator • We also use H2O to help regulate body temperature. • Latent Heat of Evaporation Sweat helps us stay cool by evaporation. When a liquid evaporates, it “pulls” heat energy away from the surface from which it evaporates.

38. Evaporation • Evaporation is dependent on the air temperature and the humidity. • Warm air holds more H2O than cool air.

39. Rate of Evaporation can vary • High humidity = less evaporation • Low humidity = more evaporation • So under hot and humid conditions…little or no evaporation (cooling) will occur and body temperature will rise.