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Cardiovascular mechanisms in endurance training

Cardiovascular mechanisms in endurance training. A daptations in heart. left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy increased LV internal dimension and mass minor changes in LV wall thickness upper limit of physiological cardiac adaptation

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Cardiovascular mechanisms in endurance training

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  1. Cardiovascular mechanisms in endurance training

  2. Adaptations in heart • left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy • increased LV internal dimension and mass • minor changes in LV wall thickness • upper limit of physiological cardiac adaptation • internal dimension of the LV <65 mm (normal 36-56 mm) • LV wall thickness <14 mm (normal 8.3-11 mm)

  3. Adaptations in arteries • endurance athletes possess enlarged arteries • Haemodynamic signals may contribute to arterial remodelling • Shear stress implicated in localized effects of repeated exercise bouts • may also exhibit decreased wall thickness • Changes in wall thickness may be systemic rather than localized

  4. Time course of functional vsstructural adaptations in arteries • Human studies: initial improvement, and subsequent return to baseline, of flow-mediated dilatation in response to training • Sheer stress is a crucial factor • Structural adaptations first • Then functional adaptations follows

  5. Femoral artery morphology and function in endurance athletes and controls FMD: flow-mediated dilation Green et al, 2012

  6. Green et al, 2012

  7. Mechanism of shear stress in endothelial cells Chatzizisis et al, 2007

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