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U.S. History Unit 5: The Beginning of the Cold War 1945-1960 THE BIG IDEA

U.S. History Unit 5: The Beginning of the Cold War 1945-1960 THE BIG IDEA After WWII, the U.S. strongly opposed communism around the world and here at home. This opposition led to fear and war. I. What was it about? A. USSR vs. U.S. - 45 yr “war of words”

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U.S. History Unit 5: The Beginning of the Cold War 1945-1960 THE BIG IDEA

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  1. U.S. History Unit 5: The Beginning of the Cold War 1945-1960 THE BIG IDEA After WWII, the U.S. strongly opposed communism around the world and here at home. This opposition led to fear and war.

  2. I. What was it about? A. USSR vs. U.S. - 45 yr “war of words” 1. Democracy (D) vs. Communism (C)

  3. B. How are D and C different? 1. Economy a) D –all have a chance to succeed or fail (capitalism) b) D– laissez-faire c) C-- gov’t controlled economy d) C – protects all from failure e) C – the goal: a CLASSLESS society f) C – profit, competition rejected

  4. II. How did the Cold War start? A. 1945 - What to do with Germany? 1. G divided into 4 zones a) US, Fr, Br, and USSR 2. Berlin divided same way

  5. B. The Berlin Airlift 1. 1948 - USSR blocks traffic into W. Berlin 2. U.S. planes dropped 400,000 tons of supplies into W. Berlin 3. 1949 – USSR ends blockade

  6. The Berlin Airlift

  7. C. 1946 - Iron Curtain Divides Europe 1. USSR wanted protection 2. influenced neighboring countries to become communist

  8. D. Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its communists intend to do in the future or what are the limits, if any to their explosive tendencies. I believe an “iron curtain” has descended across Europe.” ~ Winston Churchill, 1946

  9. III. The Truman Doctrine: Containment A. Goal: Stop the spread of communism “I believe that it must be the policy of the U.S. to support freedom. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic aid which can help bring stability and order.” ~ President Truman, 1947 1. The Marshall Plan a) $13.4 billion to 17 European countries rebuilding after WWII b) much $$ to Greece, Turkey “The United States contributed $341,000,000,000 toward winning World War II. This is an investment in world freedom and world peace. The assistance that I am recommending for Greece and Turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this investment. It is only common sense that we should safeguard this investment and make sure that it was not in vain.” ~ President Truman, 1947

  10. B. The Korean War 1. Korea – controlled by J in WWII 2. 1946 - divided at 38th parallel 3. N.Korea- USSR (C) 4. S.Korea- U.S. (D)

  11. 1949 – China becomes C • 1950 – N.Korea invades S.Korea • Truman asks for UN support of S.Korea • UN peacekeepers, pushed to Pusan Perimeter

  12. 9. US troops led by U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur, land at Inchon, push N.Korea back to 38th parallel 10. China helping the North? 11. MacArthur - advance into China 12. 1951 - Truman fires MacArthur

  13. 13.Truman orders retreat from N. Korea 14.1953 – armistice signed 15. 38th parallel still divides Korea 16. 37,000 U.S. deaths 17. Lesson learned: limited war = containment of enemy

  14. The Korean War Memorial, Washington DC

  15. The Cold War in the U.S. A. Fear of C 1. Congress – not soft on C! a) 1947 - House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 1) targeted C in Hollywood 2) 10 jailed for refusing to testify – “Hollywood 10” 3) Hollywood movies became controlled, diluted

  16. 2. The Joseph McCarthy Era (1952-54) a) ran as “tough on C” b) claimed he had a list of 205 C in U.S. gov’t c) blamed Sen. George Marshall for China becoming C d) lots of Newspapers sold! e) other Congressmen joined McCarthy

  17. 3.McCarthy’s Fall a) Edward R. Murrow, journalist b) Army Hearings – McCarthy says Army lawyer is a C “Until this moment Senator McCarthy, I think I never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness. I like to think that I am a gentleman, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me. You have done enough. Have you non sense of decency sir? Have you no sense of decency?” ~ Joseph Welch, Army Lawyer c) McCarthy slowly loses credibility 4. McCarthy’s Impact a) fear of C grew b) silenced critics of gov’t c) controlled thought

  18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_uTbVfDtgI

  19. U.S. History Unit 6: The Cold War and Kennedy 1960-1963 THE BIG IDEA John F. Kennedy’s presidency was inspiring to many and the Cold War took a tense turn for the worse.

  20. I. The Cold War Around the World A. Nuclear Arms Race begins 1. 1948 – USSR has nuclear weapons 2. 1954 - Hydrogen bomb tested B. 1957 - USSR Launches Sputnik 1.USSR wins the “space race” 2. Americans panic 3. Pres. Eisenhower NASA and Sci Ed funding

  21. C. 1960 - Kennedy Elected President 1. JFK narrowly defeats Nixon a) “Camelot” - JFK + Jackie are stylish, classy, “prince + princess” b) JFK promises to “send man to the moon” - space exploration begins, moon landing in 1969

  22. D. 1961 -The Bay of Pigs Fiasco 1. JFK and CIA plan to assassinate Fidel Castro (C leader of Cuba) 2. Attempt fails - Castro’s military defends him 3. JFK, CIA, U.S. embarrassed

  23. “Duck and Cover!” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UVH8YRXsqo

  24. The Berlin Crisis 1. 1961 – 200,000 E. Germans escaped from E. Germany to W. Berlin 2. Aug 13 1961 – Berlin wall is built around W. Berlin “A wall is a lot better than a war.” John F. Kennedy 3. Kennedy pledges support of W. Berlin

  25. “There are many people in the world who really don’t understand…the great issue between the free world and the communist world. Let them come to Berlin. There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the communists. Let them come to Berlin.” John F. Kennedy “I am a Berliner” Speech June 26, 1963

  26. F. The Cuban Missile Crisis 1. 1962 - U.S. spy photos = USSR nuclear missiles in Cuba, Khrushchev confirms 2. JFK - naval blockade of Cuba 3. USSR and U.S. ships meet at Cuban blockade line 4. Attorney Gen. Bobby Kennedy meets w/ USSR ambassador 5. Agreement Reached: a) USSR will remove missiles if … b) U.S. will stay out of Cuba, and remove missiles in Turkey c) USSR cannot publicize agreement

  27. Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis a) closest ever to nuclear war b) US/USSR hotline c) US/USSR/Br sign Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty – ends nuclear testing

  28. F. JFK is Assassinated 1. Nov 22, 1963 – JFK makes campaign trip to Dallas, TX 2. Warren Commission – Lee Harvey Oswald, lone assassin 3. Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson 4. Oswald shot 2 days later by Jack Ruby 5. JFK’s funeral live on television

  29. U.S. History Unit 9:The End of the Cold War to Today1975-2009 The Big Idea With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Cold War ended and the U.S. was seen as the world’s lone superpower. But on September 11, 2001 terrorists struck the U.S. bringing new fear and war.

  30. I. 1976 - President Jimmy Carter A. Cold War – calm but still exists B. Troubles with Iran 1. Iranian Islamic Revolution a) Iran becomes isolated b) cuts off oil exports c) Gas prices in U.S.U.S. economy d) American Embassy in Iran under attack e) 52 US hostages taken f) Carter unable to solve crisis g) Carter very unpopular

  31. II. 1980 -President Ronald Reagan – Conservative A. Reagan - Very Popular President 1. “The Great Communicator” 2. “Reaganomics” a) Cut Taxes – mostly for wealthy b) trickle-down theory

  32. III. Reagan’s Plan to End the Cold War A. 1984 – Pres. Reagan is re-elected 1) Largest landslide victory in U.S. history B. 1984 -- Olympics 1) Los Angeles host – boycotted by USSR

  33. C. Late 1980’s -- U.S. Winning the Cold War 1) USSR economy , U.S. economy 2) Pres. Reagan’s military spending a) 1980 – $150 billion b) 1988 – $300 billion • USSR couldn’t keep up w/spending • U.S. fell into debt a)1980 – $80 billion in debt b)1990 – $220 billion

  34. D.Reagan and USSR Leader Mikhail Gorbachev 1) First positive relations b/t USSR and U.S. leaders 2) Gorbachev agrees to allow some freedom a) glasnost – some political freedom b) perestroika – some economic freedom

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