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Tropical Cyclones Study Guide

Learn about tropical cyclones, their formation, impacts, and safety measures. Explore vocabulary, stages, and characteristics of these violent weather systems.

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Tropical Cyclones Study Guide

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  1. BEFORE THE BELL RINGS 1. Please copy your homework into your assignment book 2. Please turn your homework in to the orange basket

  2. Tuesday, November 1, 2016 • Warm-up • Computer Lab • Study Guide for test • Homework: Start studying for you test on Thursday (Chapter 13). • Project Due Tuesday, November 8, 2016

  3. Warm-up • What is a lightning sprite? • What do scientists think Ball Lightening is made of?

  4. How do tropical cyclones form? What is the life cycle of a tropical cyclone? What are the dangers associated with hurricanes? SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Essential Questions

  5. Real World Link • If you try mixing cake batter in a shallow bowl, you might find that a low speed works well, but a high speed creates a big mess. Tropical storms form from a process similar to other storm systems, but their high winds can bring devastation to locations in their path.

  6. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms • Normally peaceful, tropical oceans are capable of producing one of Earth’s most violent weather systems—the tropical cyclone. Review Vocabulary • Coriolis effect: caused by Earth’s rotation, moving particles, such as air, are deflected to the right north of the equator, and to the left south of the equator

  7. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms New Vocabulary tropical cyclone eye eyewall Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind scale storm surge

  8. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones • During summer and fall, the tropics experience conditions ideal for the formation of large, rotating, low-pressure tropical storms called tropical cyclones.

  9. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone location • Favorable conditions for cyclone formation exist in all tropical oceans except the South Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America.

  10. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone formation • Tropical cyclones require two basic conditions to form: an abundant supply of warm ocean water and some sort of mechanism to lift warm air and keep it rising.

  11. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone formation • The first indication of a building tropical cyclone is a moving tropical disturbance. When a disturbance over a tropical ocean acquires a cyclonic circulation around a center of low pressure, it has reached the developmental stage and is known as a tropical depression.

  12. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone formation • When wind speeds around the low-pressure center of a tropical depression exceed 62 km/h, the system is called a tropical storm. • If air pressure continues to fall and winds around the center reach at least 119 km/h, the storm is officially classified as a cyclone.

  13. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone formation • Once winds reach at least 119 km/h, another phenomenon occurs—the development of a calm center of the storm called the eye. • The eye of the cyclone is often 30 to 60 km of calm weather and blue sky.

  14. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone formation • The strongest winds in a hurricane are usually concentrated in the eyewall—a tall band of strong winds and dense clouds that surrounds the eye.

  15. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Cyclone formation • A hurricane will last until it can no longer produce enough energy to sustain itself. This usually happens when the storm has moved either over land or over colder water.

  16. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Visualizing Cyclone Formation • Like most storms, cyclones begin with warm moist air rising.

  17. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Overview of Tropical Cyclones Tropical cyclone movement • Like all large-scale storms, tropical cyclones move according to the wind currents that steer them.

  18. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Hurricane Hazards • The Saffir-Simpson HurricaneWind scale classifies hurricanes according to wind speed, which implies potential for flooding and potential for property damage.

  19. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Hurricane Hazards Damage • Hurricanes can cause extensive damage, particularly along coastal areas, which tend to be where human populations are the most dense.

  20. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Hurricane Hazards Winds • Much of the damage caused by hurricanes is associated with violent winds.

  21. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Hurricane Hazards Storm surge • A storm surge occurs when hurricane-force winds drive a mound of ocean water toward coastal areas where it washes over the land.

  22. SECTION13.3 Tropical Storms Hurricane Hazards Hurricane advisories and safety • The National Hurricane Center issues a hurricane warning at least 36 hours before a hurricane is predicted to strike. • Awareness, combined with proper safety precautions, has greatly reduced death tolls associated with hurricanes in recent years.

  23. Tropical Storms SECTION13.3 Study Guide • Tropical cyclones rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. • Tropical cyclones are also known as hurricanes and typhoons.

  24. Tropical Storms SECTION13.3 Study Guide • Tropical cyclones go through the same stages of formation and dissipation as other storms. • Tropical cyclones are moved by various wind systems after they form. • The most dangerous part of a tropical cyclone is the storm surge. • Hurricane alerts are given at least 36 hours before the hurricane arrives.

  25. Section Check SECTION13.3 At what latitudes do tropical cyclones usually form? a.between 0 and 5 b.between 5 and 30 c.between 30 and 50 d.between 50 and 70

  26. Section Check SECTION13.3 What weather condition usually exists within the eye of a hurricane? a.high wind b.calm wind c.tornadoes d.lightning

  27. Section Check SECTION13.3 What is the source of a hurricane’s energy? Answer: A hurricane’s energy comes from the warm water over which it develops. As ocean water evaporates, some heat is taken from the ocean. The water vapor then rises high into the atmosphere. The heat that was taken from the ocean is released to the atmosphere as the water vapor condenses.

  28. What are the problems associated with recurring weather patterns? What atmospheric events cause recurring weather patterns? How do heat waves and cold waves differ? SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Essential Questions

  29. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather • Even a relatively mild weather system can become destructive and dangerous if it persists for long periods of time. Review Vocabulary • Fahrenheit scale: a temperature scale in which water freezes at 32 and boils at 212

  30. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather New Vocabulary drought heat wave cold wave windchill index

  31. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Floods • An individual thunderstorm can unleash enough rain to produce floods, and hurricanes also cause torrential downpours, which result in extensive flooding. • Floods can also occur when weather patterns cause even mild storms to persist over the same area.

  32. Low-lying areas are most susceptible to flooding, making coastlines particularly vulnerable to storm surges during hurricanes. Rivers in narrow-walled valleys can rise rapidly, creating high-powered and destructive walls of water. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Floods

  33. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Droughts • Droughts are extended periods of well-below-average rainfall. • Droughts are usually the result of shifts in global wind patterns that allow large, high-pressure systems to persist for weeks or months over continental areas.

  34. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Droughts • Because the sinking air prevents humid air from rising, condensation cannot occur, and drought sets in until global patterns shift enough to move the high-pressure system.

  35. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Droughts Heat waves • An unpleasant side effect of droughts often comes in the form of heat waves, which are extended periods of above-average temperatures. • Heat waves can be formed by the same high-pressure systems that cause droughts.

  36. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Droughts Heat waves • Because of the dangers posed by a combination of heat and humidity, the National Weather Service (NWS) routinely reports the heat index. • The heat index assesses the effect of the body’s difficulty in regulating its internal temperature as relative humidity rises.

  37. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Please click the image above to view the interactive table.

  38. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Cold Waves • The opposite of a heat wave is a cold wave, which is an extended period of below-average temperatures. • Cold waves are also brought on by large, high-pressure systems. However, cold waves are caused by systems of continental polar or arctic origin.

  39. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Cold Waves • Because of the location and the time of year in which they occur, winter high-pressure systems are much more influenced by the jet stream than are summer high-pressure systems.

  40. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Cold Waves • The winter location of the jet stream can remain essentially unchanged for days or even weeks. This means that several polar high-pressure systems can follow the same path and subject the same areas to continuous numbing cold.

  41. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Cold Waves Windchill index • The effects of cold air on the human body are magnified by wind. Known as the windchill factor, this phenomenon is measured by the windchill index.

  42. SECTION13.4 Recurrent Weather Cold Waves Windchill index • The windchill chart was designed to show the dangers of cold and wind.

  43. Section Check SECTION13.4 The temperature is 0F and the wind speed is 30 miles per hour. What is the windchill? a.–5F b.–10F c.–26F d.–58F

  44. Section Check SECTION13.4 What happens to air at the center of a high-pressure system? a.It sinks and water vapor condenses. b.It sinks and water vapor resists condensation. c.It rises and water vapor condenses. d.It rises and water vapor resists condensation.

  45. Section Check SECTION13.4 What conditions result in extensive flooding? Possible answer: The most extensive flooding occurs as a result of heavy and persistent rain, saturated soil, and low-lying ground.

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