The Organization and Use of Learning Objects for Knowledge Management

1. 66th EAGE Conference – Paris June 7-10. 2004 The Organization and Use of Learning Objects for Knowledge Management by Dr Gilbert Paquette CIRTA-LICEF Research Center Télé-université, Montréal http://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gp

2. Some Bookmarks Books (5) AI and KB systems - Knowledge Modeling - Instructional Engineering Research Knowledge representation - Adaptive advisors - Virtual learning centers - Instructional Engineering Tools MOT, MISA, ADISA, Explor@ Affiliations Télé-université’s Research Center (LICEF) - CIRTA Founder - Canada Research Chair on CIE - President of Cogigraph Technology – DIR. Of the LORNET research network Collaborations DMR, B. of M, Eduplus, Hydro-Quebec, Canadian DoD, Armstrong Lab, ABL, GDC, CAE, BGW, NOVASYS, Teleglobe, Bell-Technomedia, CNET

3. Linked Concepts • Knowledge Management • Intellectual Capital • Learning Organization • Business Intelligence • Organic Firm • Process re-engineering • Decision support • Competency Management

4. A Growing Reality • From 1997 to 1998, organizations involved in KM has grown from 28% to 51%! • Knowledge Management Special Report, May 1998, Delphi Group, Boston • 1998, one third had KM initiative ongoing, another third were preparing one • KPMG Study in 25 companies • 2002: 80% of 158 Fortune 1000 companies have a KM programs • Conference Board and American Management Association survey

5. Why Knowledge Management? • Enterprises realize how important it is to know what they know. • Knowledge is scattered in and outside the organization, • In databases, documents, medias • In peoples’ heads • Knowledge takes time to acquire • Early retirements and increasing mobility are reducing the available knowledge owners • Knowledge grows exponentially and must be assimilated at an ever faster rate • Life-long learning is an inescapable reality

6. Hidden and Tacit Knowledge • Available information: • Explicited knowledge = structured information • Tacit knowledge = not yet externalized (chunking phenomena) • Hidden information: • Unmined information or databases • Unidentified important information

7. Elicitation Knowledge Information Learning Information and knowledge Knowledge Engineering Instructional Engineering

8. Knowledge Engineering • A methodology to transform information into usable knowledge • Goal: Knowledge Elicitation, Representation and Use • Phases: • Process planning • Knowledge identification (using documents and interview techniques) • Knowledge conceptualization (Modeling) • Knowledge formalization (In XML, Data bases,…) • Structured information access (through a computarized system)

9. Actor M Actor N R R I/P Procedure A Ressource X Procedure B I/P I/P I/P Ressource Y Ressource Z Knowledge Modeling

10. MOT+ Modeling

11. Instructional Design Knowledge Engineering Software Engineering Instructional Engineering • Making knowledge available to people through competency building • A systemic methodology • Knowledge, skills, competency definition • Instructional strategies and activities • Media selection, adaptation, construction • Delivery processes

12. Problem definition 100 Training system 102 Training objectives 104 Target Learners 106 Actual situation 108 Reference documents Instructional Modeling Knowledge Modeling 210 Knowledge modeling principles 212 Knowledge model 214 Target competencies 310 Learning units content 410 Learning instruments content 610 Knowledge and competency management 220 Instructional principles 222 Learning events network 224 Learning units properties 320 Instructional scenarios 322 Learning activities properties 420 Learning instruments properties 620 Actors and group management Delivery Modeling Materials Modeling 240 Delivery principles 242 Cost-benefit analysis 340 Delivery planning 440 Delivery models 442 Actors and user’s materials 444 Tools and telecommunication 446 Services and delivery locations 540 Assessment planning 640 Maintenance / quality management 230 Media principles 330 Development infrastructure 430 Learning materials list 432 Learning materials models 434 Media elements 436 Source documents 630 Learning system / resource management MISA

13. Learning Objects and Interoperability “A learning object is any entity, digital or non-digital, that can be used, re-used, or referenced during technology-supported learning”. (IEEE LTSC 2000) • Includes materials, tools, services, persons, events • Not necessarily digitized, include printed, lab material • Used not only by learners, but also other actors • Includes activity descriptions, instructional structure, learning or assistance scenarios.

14. Asks questions, cooperation, telediscuss. Learners’ Roles Cooperation, telediscuss, information exchange Exercises, case studies, simulations Receive input, ask questions, exercises Autonomous Learning, access information Facilitators’ Roles Trainer, presenter Group animator Support manager Presenter Training manager Activity guide, contextualised help files Learning Materials Productions, informative websites Productions, informative websites Presentations, videos, websites Internet and MM training Model-Specific Tools Forum, email, multimedia player Forum, e-mail, multimedia player Organization data bases and systems Video-conf. system, browser, present.tools Browser, search engine, MM support Learning Objects Means of Com. Asynchronous telecom Asynchronous telecom Synchronous telecom Asynchronous telecom Asynchronous telecom Required Services Com. support Comm. support Systems technical support Technical support Com. support Delivery Locations Residence, workplace Residence, workplace Workplace Classroom, multimedia room Residence, workplace Delivery models and Blended Learning Communities of practice Online Coaching Distributed Classroom Learning Portals EPSS

15. Metadata: Towards the Semantic Web • Knowledge Objects (Resources) are described by their Metadata: properties and types of objects • Metadata is a basis for a Semantic Web description of objects or resources • Need to be completed by an ontology: concepts + relations + axioms to provide intelligent search and processing of content

16. Building LO Repositories

17. Referencing Learning Objects

18. Integrating and Using LOs

19. Obtain Video Analyze the vidéo Evaluation Produce essay Forum Analysis Coach Evaluate essay Essay Profiles A Multi Actor Workflow Interface

20. Conclusion • We have entered the knowledge economy : knowledge is the main asset. • Knowledge management is common sense, but it is not yet common practice. • We need instrumentation • for Knowledge Engineering : To capture knowledge assets • For Learning Object Repositories organizing knowledge assets • For Instructional Engineering: to plan ways to use knowledge to increase competency • For Knowledge Delivery on the Web

21. The Benefits • Knowledge gain for employee and organization • Identify knowledge gaps and risks to company development and jobs • Collective project, enabling more communication between employees • Retain and value knowledgeable personnel • Justified and well understood actions • Better product linked to customer’s needs

22. 66th EAGE Conference – Paris June 7-10, 2004 Web- Based Learning is the Future of Education and Training Gilbert Paquette http://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gp