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U rban Sustainable Development C ases

U rban Sustainable Development C ases. KARACHI TANZANIA. Adrià Bonell - GEO 302. 27.2.2002. KARACHI. Pakistan's major metropolis. Commercial capital 11 million inhabitants 8% of country's total population 4.8% of annual growth rate. HIGH PRICES. LOW PURCHASE CAPACITY.

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U rban Sustainable Development C ases

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  1. Urban Sustainable Development Cases KARACHI TANZANIA Adrià Bonell - GEO 302 27.2.2002

  2. KARACHI • Pakistan's major metropolis • Commercial capital • 11 million inhabitants • 8% of country's total population • 4.8% of annual growth rate

  3. HIGH PRICES LOW PURCHASE CAPACITY Legal Housing Development System • Too ambitious goverment regulations • Large plot sizes and rights-of-way, high standards (materials and infraestructure) • Delays in extending trunk infrastructure • Lack of appropiate roads, piped water and sewerage + • Impossibility to obtain mortgage financing • For low- and and middle-income households

  4. KATCHI ABADIS • The unplanned settlements created by the informal sector in order to overcome goverment's inability to supply cheap housing • 1/2 the city's people are living in them • Double city's average growth rate (9%)

  5. Katchi Abadis - Problems • Insecurity of property • Informal sector lacks technical capacity • Illegal dumping of wastes and inadequate sewage treatment Not incentive to invest in infrastructure • Low quality facilities => Natural disasters risk • Dangerous health conditions => Epidemics

  6. Recommended Changes (i) • Goverment has to recognize the Katchi Abadis as a reality (not a temporary situation) • Incorporate existing informal-built facilities into the overall housing planning • Nurture goverment-communities trust • Promote positive interactions to find out actual residents' needs • Rationalize overlaping responsabilities (city,state and federal agencies) to strenghten accountability

  7. Recommended Changes (ii) • Decrease regualtory housing requirements • Housing must meet public health and safety conditions, but not be so elaborate that it raises unecessarily the price of housing. • The public sector should limit its activity to areas in which has a comparative advantage • Improve property rights adjudication and registration • Provide the necessary trunk infrastructure • Allow low-income residents to apply for creditcollectively

  8. TANZANIACultivating Rural-Urban Linkages

  9. The Region:SUB-SAHARA • The weakest overall growth of all the developing regions • Increasingly marginalised in the global economy • The world's heaviest debt burden

  10. TANZANIA • The 6 main cities generate 30% of GDP • 75% of all Tanzanians live in rural areas • Agriculture accounts for over 50% of GDP

  11. … and Market Access  Economic wealth  Technology level  Industrialisation  Rural productivity  Demand for manufactured products  Incomes It Is Necessary to Increase Rural Productivity

  12. PRODUCTIVITY: MARKET ACCESS: City-Rural Linkages Can Help • Acquire new technical knowledge • Build channels to bring this new technology to the rural economy • Enable access of agricultural products to city markets

  13. Acquire new technical knowledge • Improve education and research services • To be informed about new technology advances • Promote a secure and open business environment (i.e. macroeconomic stability, liberalization, effective legal rules) •  ATTRACT • Foreign investors with access to better equipment, inputs and technology. • Reverse migration with knowledge and capital earned abroad

  14. Bring the new technology to the rural economy • Create technology diffusion services • Private businesses, government research institutes and media • Features • Directed to the most innovative groups • Avoid too specialized, top down management • Client driven and customized to particular needs of each group

  15. Enable access to city markets Only 30% of agricultural output is currently marketed • Establish support networks that create trusting relationshps between city businesses and rural producers • Formal legal and insurance contracts • Ties of ethnicity, religion and kinship (e.g. Muslim and Asian communities) • Build new infrastructure • Strengthen the road system

  16. Thank you ! Questions ? Adrià Bonell - GEO 302 27.2.2002

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