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Communication. Communication as Social Interaction Social Interaction: Behavior of animal A influences behavior of animal B Adaptive Value of Communication Enhances behavioral complexity Compensates for bodily limitations (mind over body). Levels of Communication. General Idea. Level I.
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Communication • Communication as Social Interaction • Social Interaction: Behavior of animal A influences behavior of animal B • Adaptive Value of Communication • Enhances behavioral complexity • Compensates for bodily limitations (mind over body)
Levels of Communication General Idea
Level I • Sign Releasing communication • Three-Spined Stickleback
Level II • Symbolic Communication • Dance of the Honeybees
Level IIII • Intentional Communication • Vervet Monkeys • The Phenomenon • Two distinct alarm calls • Two different reactions • Is it intentional? • Intention of one mind to change the content of another mind
Two Possibilities • Nonintentional • V1 sees a leopard • V1 screams • V2 hears scream • V2 runs into the trees • Intentional • V1 sees a leopard • V1 ‘believes’ V2 in danger • V1 ‘intends’ to warn V2 and screams to do so • V2 hears screams, believes that leopard is a threat, desires to be safe, and so, runs into the trees
Level IV • Human Communication • Grammar • Syntax • Animal Studies • Speech does not equal language! • Washoe • Nim • Koko