A PowerPoint of Portugal

1. A PowerPoint of Portugal By Robert A. Sanders

2. Map This is a map of Portugal, featuring it’s various cities; including it’s capital, Lisbon.

3. Landforms • The Portuguese mainland is split by it’s main river, the Tagus. Portugal also has unique land features, such as the Algarve and the Alentejo regions, which feature rolling plains. The largest peak in Portugal, located on the island of Pico, is Mount Pico.

4. Climate • Portugal has a Mediterranean Climate, which is characterized by warm-hot, dry summers and mild-cool wet winters. In the mainland, the average temperature is 12 degrees C. to 18 degrees C. • In other areas, however, such as basins, the temperature can be as high as 20 degrees C.!

5. Natural Resources • The natural resources in Portugal include forests, featuring trees such as Pines, Cork Oak, and Eucalyptus. They are the worlds major producer of cork, and minerals such as lithium, uranium, tin, and tungsten are mined there. Other resources include olives, grapes, oil, and fish.

6. Environment • Portugal has a wide variety of forestry, but they are located mainly in the mountains. The wide variety of trees include: eucalyptus, maple, cork oaks, pines, poplar, chestnuts, and olives. Other plants include mimosa, orchids, broom, lavender, rosemary, and thyme. • The wildlife includes foxes, chamois, wild boars, wolves, lynx and golden eagles. Birds are common on the south.

7. History • The history of Portugal is very similar to that of Spain. • -both countries were under control of Rome, then the Moors • -language was developed from Latin • -contains words from Arabic • After the Portuguese gained independence from the Moors, they built a powerful empire. This empire consisted of parts from Africa, Asia, and South Africa. • Eventually, the empire fell after King Sebastian was lost in a battle, and due to the lack of an heir, multiple imposters sought to claim the throne. After this, the Spanish gained control of Portugal from 1580 to 1640.

8. Food • The food of Portugal is often characterized by rich, filling dishes with hints at it’s past culture derived from past foreign takeovers. This is shown in their wide array of spices used in cooking. Traditional Portuguese dishes include: • -Bife; a slice of meat served in a wine-sauce with potatoes, rice, or salad • -Bacalhaua; cod which is dried and salted, then later cooked in water or milk. • And • - Cozido à portuguesa; a Portuguese stew, which can consist of varying ingredients (based on the chef’s imagination and budget), such as pork, beef, potatoes, carrots, rice, cabbage, and cured ham.

9. Holidays • Portuguese holidays consist of; • 1. New Year’s Eve (Jan 1) • 2. Carnival (Feb 24) • 3. Good Friday (Apr 10) • 4. Easter (Apr 12) • 5. Liberty Day (Apr 25) • 6. Labor Day (May 1) • 7. Santo Cristo Festival (May 17) • 8. Portugal Day (June 10) • 9. Corpus Christi (June 11) • 10. Assumption Day (Aug 15) • 11. Proclamation of Portuguese Republic (Oct 5) • 12. All Saint’s Day (Nov 1) • 13. Restoration of Portuguese independence (Dec 1) • 14. Feast of Immaculate Conception (Dec 8) • 15. Christmas (Dec 25)

10. Arts • Portugal has a rich appreciation for the arts, such as shown in; • - Architecture: boasts multiple Medieval castles and villas and forts from Roman times • - Folk Dances: they have the circle dance, fandango, two steps waltz, and others • - Cinema: produced many films (up to 10 per annum in the 90’s), and hosts the worlds oldest film director,Manoel de Oliveira (currently 103!) • -Literature: has produced many lyrical works, such as Os Lusíadas • - Music: ‘Portuguese musical traditions are diverse and dynamic, they reflect multifarious historical, cultural, and political processes with influences from non-European cultures from both North and sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil.’ • -also, gave birth to the music genre known as ‘Fado’, characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the poor.

11. Landmarks • The Tourist- sought landmarks of Portugal consist of sites such as; • - The Belem Tower, located in Lisbon. It was a defensive tower commissioned by King John II. • - Capela dos Ossos , or, ‘The Chapel of Bones’, located in Evora, which get’s its name from the fact that it’s decorated with human skulls and bones. And • - the Sintra Palace, located in Sintra. It is the best preserved medieval palace in Portugal.

12. Government • Portugal has a democratic republic, in which a Prime Minister is the head of government, and the President of the Republic is the head of state. Executive power is issued by the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is shared by the government, as well as the assembly of the Republic.

13. Traditions • The Portuguese honor many old traditions, such as festivals and the like. The include; • - the Autumn festivals, were they celebrate the abundance of the land. • - Christmas festival, where the Portuguese serve an abundance of food, hold concerts of sacred music, and have a jolly good time. • -Spring. Spring is about renewal and rebirth, Easter is a main festival. On Corpus Christi, the streets are lined with flowers. • - Summer, a time for celebration! Festivals include St. Anthony, including big weddings, street parties, and sardines, and San Joao, a festival with bonfires, pranks (and hammers), as well as Santa Maria de Agonia, a big festival with equally big heads, costumes, and plenty of dancing.

14. Famous Person • The famous people of Portugal include; • - Dulce Pontes: a musician who’s voice perked up and conquered millions of listeners. She has collaborated with many international musicians, and her song ‘A Canção do Mar’ appeared in the film, ‘Primal Fear’. • - Baruch Spinoza: a man considered Europe’s first modern philosopher. He helped lay the groundwork for the ‘Enlightenment’ of the 18th century, and is considered one of the fathers of modern Biblical criticism. • - Egas Moniz: a Nobel Prize winning neurologist. He won the prize for “his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses." He also was an early developer of cerebral angiography, which uses x-rays to visualize arteries and veins. This is possible by injecting a high density agent, which transiently opacities the arteries and veins.

15. Works Cited • Map from: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/portugal/ • Geographical info from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal • Resource info found on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal • Environmental info from: http://worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Portugal • History info from: ‘’World Geography Today’ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Portugal#1580_crisis.2C_Iberian_Union_and_decline_of_the_Empire • Food info from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine • Holiday Info From: http://www.portugal.com/information/holidays • Cultural info and quote from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal • Landmark : various Wikipedia pages http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_landmarks_are_in_Portugal • Government info from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal • Traditional info found on: http://www.lisbon-inspiration-city-guide.com/Portuguese-Traditions.html • Famous People found on: http://daytranslations.com/famous_portuguese_people.aspx • PowerPoint produced by Robert A. Sanders Productions TM