Jefferson and the War

2. Jefferson and the War Jefferson was popular because of the Louisiana Purchase He won a second term as President. Britain and France were at war again during this time. They did many things which angered Americans.

3. Blockades Americans were angry because Britain and France decided to set up blockades (seal up the ports and prevent ships from entering or leaving) Britain seized more than 1,000 American ships and their cargo. France seized about 500

4. Impressments • Americans were angry because Britain followed a policy of impressment (seizing American sailors and drafting or forcing them into the British navy)

5. Chesapeake Incident Americans were angry because of the Chesapeake Incident where 3 Americans were killed because they refused to allow a British commander to board the ship the Chesapeake.

6. Embargo Act of 1807 • Jefferson asked Congress to pass the Embargo Act of 1807 to halt all trade with Europe. • Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries • The embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North and was lifted in 1809.

7. War Hawks • The War Hawks were a group of young Congressmen from the West and South. • They were led by John Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay from Kentucky

8. War with Native Americans • In 1809 General William Henry Harrison invited several Native American Chiefs to Fort Wayne, Indiana and persuaded them to sign away 3 million acres of tribal land to the US government. • A confederacy of Native Americans led by Tecumseh fought against the intruding white settlers but were defeated in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

9. War Hawks and Native Americans • The War Hawks became angry when they learned that the arms used by the Native Americans came from British Canada.

10. The War Hawks Demand War • They wanted a war with Britain for two reasons: • They wanted to end the trade restrictions because they hurt the farmers who depended on trade with Europe • They wanted to take Canada and Florida to increase the territory of United States

11. War Begins After the troubles with the Native Americans and the blockades the US Congress decided to declare war against England on June 18, 1812 Called the War of 1812, it lasted for 3 years

12. Canada Americans attempted to invade Canada but failed. America had some successes but by 1813 the British navy had bottled up most American ships in port.

13. Burning the White House In 1814 the British were invading towns along the Atlantic coast. They entered Washington, D.C. on August 24 and burned the Capitol, the White House, and several other buildings. Madison and other officials fled but survived.

15. Fort McHenry After burning the White House, the British turned towards Baltimore and Ft. McHenry The Americans defended the city, the British failed to take the fort and left Francis Scott Key was a prisoner on one of the British ships and witnessed the events He wrote a poem “The Star Spangled Banner” which later became the National Anthem.

16. The Star Spangled BannerComposed by Francis Scott Key, "In Defense of Fort McHenry" in September 1814. Congress proclaimed it the U.S. National Anthem in 1931. Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thru the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? ____1. What time of day was this written? A. Morning b. Night _____2. Why did the bombs bursting in air give proof that the flag was still there? a. Their red glare lit up the night b. They set it on fire c. They burned it down _____3. Is the flag still there? A. Yes B. No _____4. How do you know this is the American Flag? A. It talks about the stripes and stars b. It talks about the red glare c. It talks about the twilight _____5. What does perilous mean? A. Easy b. Dangerous c. Finished

17. Battle of Horseshoe Bend While Americans were fighting the British, the Creek Indians were fighting each other. The Creek War (or the Red Stick War) began as a battle between the North and South Creek Indian Tribes in Alabama The Northern (Red Sticks – carried clubs painted red) sided with the British and the Creek War became part of the War of 1812 Andrew Jackson and his troops defeated the Red Sticks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend to end the Creek War.

19. Battle of New Orleans Andrew Jackson of Tennessee led troops to protect New Orleans On January 8, 1815 they defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on Christmas Eve to end the war, but Jackson had not received the information yet!