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Plant Systems

On the following slides, the green sections are the most important. Underline words = vocabulary ! The Texas Bluebonnet ( Lupinus texensis ) is our state flower and a plant native to Texas. Remember that plants are NOT dead, but very much alive and composed of eukaryotic cells!

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Plant Systems

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  1. Background Image http://www.respect-texas.org/bluebonnets.jpg • On the following slides, the green sections are the most important. • Underline words = vocabulary! • The Texas Bluebonnet (Lupinustexensis) is our state flower and a plant native to Texas. • Remember that plants are NOT dead, but very much alive and composed of eukaryotic cells! • In this unit we will discuss the systems in plants, specifically transport, reproduction, and response. Plant Systems

  2. Vocab List: • Copy this list (1st page for our new unit ). • As we move through the unit, update the page # of these vocabulary words to help you prepare and study! • Gravitropism • Hydrotropism • Nastic response • Phloem • Phototropism • Pistil • Stamen • Stigma • Stoma • Thigmotropism • Xylem

  3. Review of Plant Cells • Plants are multicellular eukaryotes w/ cell walls made of cellulose. • Plants are autotrophs that carryout photosynthesis to obtain energy. • To carry out cellular functions, plants need: • Sunlight • Water • CO2 • Minerals http://www.terrebonneonline.com/plantcell1.jpg

  4. Review of Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H20 + LIGHT C6H1206 + 602 (Carbon dioxide) (water) (glucose) (oxygen) • Photosynthesis – the process by which plants convert light energy and carbon dioxide into sugars as a food source for the plant. http://s2.hubimg.com/u/701793_f520.jpg

  5. Cell Specialization • Plants have cell specialization (different cell types perform specific functions). • EX Root cells, stem cells, and flower petal cells all have specific functions (jobs) that they carry out for the plant. http://www.bio.txstate.edu/~wetlands/Kids_and_Teens_Page/parts%20of%20a%20plant.jpg

  6. Specialized Tissues - Leaves • Leaf is the organ wheremost photosynthesis, and transpiration [evaporation from plants] occurs. • Remember, photosynthesis is used by plants to create energy. • Through the leaf run veinstransport water, sugars, and minerals to the plant cells. http://www.ecomagic.org/fruition/leaves-1.jpg

  7. Specialized Tissues - Stems • Stems are specialized cells that support leaves to hold them up to sunandtransport water, sugars, and nutrients through the plant. • Some stems are also modified for sugar [glucose] storage areas. http://www.arboretum.fullerton.edu/grow/images/plant_organs.jpg

  8. Specialized Tissues - Roots • Rootsareunderground organs that absorb water and minerals necessary for transport in the plant andanchor [hold] the plant in the soil. • Theyhelp to prevent soil erosion. • taproot – (ex: carrot) single large central root • fibrous root – (ex: grasses) clump of short threadlike divisions http://www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams/c5/c5-1root.gif

  9. Transport Tissues • Just like in animals, vascular [vein] tissue is the transport system for the plant. • Xylem – transports water (L for liquid) in stacked cells to form tube like drinking straws; movement is UP from roots to leaves • Phloem – transports sugar/food; movement can be up and down http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_b8o0_bDa4QI/RsKvBY5ZufI/AAAAAAAAAF0/BmCafNOYe6A/s400/xylem1%5B1%5D.gif

  10. Reproductive Tissues - Flowers • Flowersare a reproductive organ (but not all plants have flowers). • They havemale and female parts. • pollination – transporting pollen (sperm) from the male to female parts (ovule) • fertilization – union of sperm with egg (creates a development ofa plant embryo [seed] which grows into a mature plant). http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg

  11. Flower Parts • Male • Stamen – consist of the anther (produces pollen) and filament (supports anther) • Pollen – contains sperm • Female • Pistil – consist of the stigma (where pollen lands), style (connects stigma to ovary) and the ovule (develops into the fruit) • Ovule – develops into an egg, eventually becomes the seeds when fertilized • Non-sexual • Petals – colored parts, attract pollinators (EX bees) • Sepals – green parts, protect flower parts

  12. Flower Parts Cont. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct08/bj-peru.html

  13. Reproductive Tissues - Seeds • Seed Plants form seeds (a plant embryo surrounded by a food supply) in order to reproduce. • Seeds are encased in a protective covering called a seed coat. • EX fleshy fruit such as strawberries, apple, tomato, peach, cucumber • EX dry fruit such as walnuts and acorns http://asm.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/Plants/seeds/seed.gif http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/images_rev/seed-pics.jpg

  14. Seedless Reproduction • Seedless plants do not form hard seeds (EX mosses and ferns) and therefore these plants MUST have water in order for the sperm to swim to the egg. http://biology.uwsp.edu/courses/plantid/cp-seedless/images/cp-seedless-images-sm/013-d.lg.sm.jpg http://www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams/c10/c10-4fern.gif

  15. Response • Just like animals, plants respond to changes in their environments (called tropism). • There are four main types of tropisms: • Gravitropism/Geotropism= response in plants thatmake it grow either with the pull of gravity or against it • Hydrotropism = response in plants that bends it towards water • Phototropism = response in plants that bends it towards light • Thigmotropism = response in plants that bends it around an object (EX a vine wrapping around an arbor)

  16. Response Cont. http://withfriendship.com/images/h/38808/Tropism-picture.gif

  17. Response Cont. • Another type of response, specifically to changes in pressure, is called a nastic response. • The most common example is the infamous Venus flytrap which closes its leaf when the plant senses an insect through changes in cell pressure. • North Carolina’s Nastic Slideshow http://www.justvenusflytraps.com/images/homepageimage.jpg

  18. Conclusion • Plantsprovide consumers with oxygen to breathe, food, shelter, as well as cleaning the air and water for the planet. This photo was taken in the Scottish Highlands. • Just like animals, plants are active responders within various environments to survive and thrive. • Their use and importance is numerous; humans use plants with healing properties in medical treatments. PhotographbyLuis del Río

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