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Matter: Properties & Changes

Matter: Properties & Changes. Chapter 2 notes. can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the sample Examples: color, phase, melting or boiling point, density, hardness, odor, taste. (2.1) Physical Properties of Matter. States of Matter.

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Matter: Properties & Changes

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  1. Matter: Properties & Changes Chapter 2 notes

  2. can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the sample Examples: color, phase, melting or boiling point, density, hardness, odor, taste (2.1) Physical Properties of Matter

  3. States of Matter • Solid (s) - definite volume and shape • Liquid (l) - definite volume, but not shape • Gas (g) - no definite volume or shape • Plasma - highly ionized gas (g) (s) (l)

  4. sToP & tHinK • Which state or states of matter take(s) the shape of its container? • Which state or states of matter can change in volume (without adding or subtracting from the sample)?

  5. Physical Changes • Physical changes alter a substance without changing its composition

  6. sToP & tHinK • Which of the following are physical properties? • liquid at room temperature • reacts with metals to form H2 gas • acids and bases combine to form water and a ‘salt’ • boils at 145 degrees Celsius

  7. (2.2) Mixtures… • Mixture - a combination of two or more pure substances, in which each substance retains its individual chemical properties • Heterogeneous mixture - does not blend smoothly, individual substances are distinct • Homogeneous mixture - solution; has a constant composition throughout

  8. sToP & tHinK • Heterogenous or Homogeneous? (1) (2)

  9. Separating Mixtures • Filtration - porous barrier separates solid from liquid • Distillation - liquids separated by differences in boiling point • Crystallization - forms pure solids from dissolved substances • Chromatography - separation based on ability to travel or be drawn across a material

  10. filtration

  11. distillation

  12. crystallization

  13. chromatography

  14. sToP & tHinK What separation technique is shown in the following pictures? B A

  15. (2.3) Elements & Compounds • Elements - pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • on the Periodic Table! • Compounds - two or more elements bonded together that can be broken down

  16. sToP & tHinK • In your own words, what is the difference between an element and a compound? • Classify the following as being elements or compounds • Sodium • Sodium chloride • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • Copper

  17. the ability of a substance to undergo chemical change Examples: “reacts with oxygen to form rust”, “forms a deep blue solution when in contact with ammonia” (2.4) Chemical Properties

  18. Chemical Changes • Chemical changes alter the composition so that a new substance forms • Evidence of chemical change: formation of a gas or solid (precipitate), smoke, fire, an odor, temperature change, color change • Law of Conservation of Mass: composition changes, but mass doesn’t

  19. sToP & tHinK • Substance A is a yellow liquid and substance B is a blue liquid. The two are mixed and form a green liquid and a white solid. • What evidence suggests a chemical change occurred? • What other things could you look for to determine if there was a chemical change?

  20. sToP & tHinK - which shows physical change and which shows chemical change? • link to change animation #1 • link to change animation #2

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