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Stress

Stress. Prof. Dr. Ramez N. Bedwani. Life is not going smooth all the time. We are subjected most of the time to various types of pressure and stressful factors. We cope with stress normally by certain physiological and psychological devices. DEFINITIONS. Stress refers to:

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Stress

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  1. Stress Prof. Dr. Ramez N. Bedwani

  2. Life is not going smooth all the time. We are subjected most of the time to various types of pressure and stressful factors. We cope with stress normally by certain physiological and psychological devices.

  3. DEFINITIONS • Stress refers to: The widespread, generalized responses of the body to various environmental, physical or social situations • Stressors refer to: The situations, or events which elicit the stress responses of the body

  4. EXAMPLES • Changes in one’s life • Injury • Infection • Exercise • Noise • Climate • Frustration • Loss of job • Social / family troubles / disasters (as death of a member, major illness etc.)

  5. SEVERITY • However stresses could be major /minor & the response is usually appropriate to the severity • Sometimes a minor environmental event may have massive psychological meaning for some sensitive or fragile individual e.g.: • An anxious adolescent who becomes disorganized on the occasion of leaving his family to college,

  6. General adaptation syndrome • Refers to: the body response to stressors • This syndrome has three stages: a- The alarm reaction: which is the emergency response of the body

  7. b- The stage of resistance: Characterized by certain hormonal response c- The stage of exhaustion: During which the body’s ability to respond to stressors has been seriously affected. Various psychosomatic disorders may occur as a result of stress

  8. Coping with stress A- Under normal healthy conditions: The nature has provided the individual with normal devices to cope with stressors. Individual differs in their ability and ways to cope with stress Healthy individuals may resolve the crisis in an adaptive growth promoting fashion such as : (a)facing the reality and respecting its demands by increasing effort (b)Enhancing problem solving attitude (c)Finding some other new way of adaptation to overcome the obstacle

  9. (d)Social support : Every individual varies in his need for external support from the surrounding members of the family or society. Such support is increased in stressful situations and is very helpful, The typical example of such attitude in our society is the habits and ritual of funeral after death of a close family member. Relatives and acquaintances gather together to overcome the situation directly and indirectly e)Adaptive mental mechanisms help to cope with stress automatically and beyond conscious awareness

  10. B-Some techniques of rehabilitation and aids: When a person is intolerable to most stresses whatever minor, he may resort to certain devices and technique that could train him to become more capable to manage stress situations

  11. This would include: 1- Proper religious meditation through normal praying or, mediation is a modified method of relaxing mind through special attention to and repeating certain religious words 2-Relaxation training

  12. 3- Biofeedback: -Here a procedure is learnt to modify internal responses such as heart rate and body temperature -Involuntary physiological responses could be brought under voluntary control through instrumental conditioning 4- Systematic desensitization: Gradual exposure to fearful stimuli

  13. 5-Hypnosis: - In this device deep trance state in which one is very suggestible - Now, it is believed that it is better to modify the behavior while in the normal state of consciousness to achieve more lasting results

  14. Psychosomatic disorders • These are bodily disturbances that result from or are exaggerated by emotional hyperactivity or accumulating stress • Gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems and skin are more liable to be affected

  15. There is an interaction between stress and other factors such as: • Personality characteristics • Early childhood experiences • Hereditary and • Constitutional factors to produce pathological changes in a specific organ

  16. Examples: • GIT: Peptic ulcer & ulcerative colitis • Cardiovascular: • Hypertension • Coronary heart disease • Skin: alopecia areata • Respiratory: bronchial asthma

  17. Outcome Stressful conditions have to be overcome daily to get a healthy psychological life

  18. Assignment

  19. Quiz All are correct psychosomatic disorders, except: -peptic ulcer -Bronchial asthma -Some skin diseases -Cancer

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