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EU Politics

EU Politics. CHAPTER 13 : Other Institutions. Outline. 1 ) European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) 2) Committee of the Regions ( CoR ) 3) European Agencies 4) European Investment Bank (EIB) 5) European Central Bank (ECB) 6) Court of Auditors.

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EU Politics

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  1. EU Politics CHAPTER 13: Other Institutions

  2. Outline 1) European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) 2) Committee of the Regions (CoR) 3) European Agencies 4) European Investment Bank (EIB) 5) European Central Bank (ECB) 6) Court of Auditors

  3. 1) European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) “A bridge between Europe and organized civil society »

  4. EESC: Membership • 344 members • Elected for 5 years (renewable) • Proposed by national governments and appointed by the Council of Ministers

  5. EESC: Membership(contd) • Membership divided into 3 groups: • Employers • Employees • Various Interests

  6. EESC : Organisation

  7. EESC: Functions • A forum to exchange views and ideas • Consultative organ • It issues opinions on several EU matters

  8. EESC : Functions(Contd) Opinions are issued in 3 circumstances : • Mandatory referral //Art.304 of the TFEU : “The Committee shall be consulted by the European Parliament, by the Council or by the Commission where the Treaties so provide”. • Optional consultation //Art.304 of the TFEU: “in all cases in which they consider it appropriate”. • Own initiative

  9. 2) Committee of the Regions(CoR)

  10. CoR: Origins • Regional issue  important role in the EU • Reasons : • Variations in wealth and income between MS => compensatory measures • ERDF (1975) => attraction of funds • Pressure by transnational organisations • Reponse of Commission  CoR

  11. CoR: Membership • Renewable 5-year term office by the Council of Ministers • Basis: proposalfromMS • 300 TFEU: “The Committee of the Regions shall consist of representatives of regional and local bodies who either hold a regional or local authority electoral mandate or are politically accountable to an elected assembly”

  12. CoR: Organization • Planning by 60 member Bureau • CoR President • 1st Vice President • 27 Vice President 2-year term • 27 Members • Chairs of the 4 political groups

  13. CoR: Functions and Powers • Advisory nature • Art.307 TFEU: “The Committee of the Regions shall be consulted by the European Parliament, by the Council or by the Commission where the Treaties so provide and in all other cases, in particular those which concern cross-border cooperation, in which one of these institutions considers it appropriate.” • Time limitto give opinion, if not  cannotprevent EP, Council or Commission fromproceeding

  14. 3) European Agencies

  15. European Agencies: Notion -> Organizations that undertake policy functions even if they are not part as such of the political and administrative systems

  16. European Agencies: Origins • 1975 • Reflects : “the existence of functional needs that are not met by centralized policy-making institutions”

  17. European Agencies: Organisation • 40 EU Agencies • Two forms : • Executive agencies  limited period • Regulatory agencies  more important politically ; independent ; own legal basis

  18. 4) EuropeanInvestment Bank(EIB)

  19. EIB: Origins • 1958, under EEC Treaty • Members: MS • Luxembourg

  20. EIB: Responsibilities and Functions • Art. 309 TFEU: “The task of the European Investment Bank shall be to contribute, by having recourse to the capital market and utilising its own resources, to the balanced and steady development of the internal market in the interest of the Union. For this purpose the Bank shall, operating on a non-profit-making basis, grant loans and give guarantees which facilitate the financing of the following projects in all sectors of the economy” • Source of investement finance for projectsthatfurther EU goals • Policy framedwithinCOPs  objective

  21. EIB: Responsibilities and Functions(contd) • 2 conditions for EIB the granting of loans: • Project in compliancewithobjectives of art. 309 TFEU, COP and credit Directives fromBank’sBoard of Governors: 2) Projectsfinancially and technically viable + adequatesecurity for loans EIB is not a loss-making body

  22. EIB: Responsibilities and Functions(contd) • EIB’sloans must befinancedfromitsown capital 2 sources: • Paid-in or due-to-be-paid-in capital by MS 2) Borrowing on capital marketsinside and outside EU

  23. EIB: Organisation • 3 main decision-making bodies: • Board of Governors • Board of Directors • Management Committee

  24. 5) European Central Bank (ECB)

  25. ECB: Origins • Responsible for the day-to-day management of common monetary policies • BUT: subject to some political direction and accountability.

  26. ECB: Objectives and Tasks • Art.127 TFEU :”The primary objective of the European System of Central Banks…shall be to maintain price stability(…).”

  27. ECB: Objectives and Tasks(contd)

  28. ECB: Objectives and Tasks(contd)

  29. ECB: Organisation • Art.129 TFEU:“The ESCB shall be governed by the decision-making bodies of the ECB which shall be the Governing Council and the Executive Board”.

  30. ECB: Organisation(contd) Peter Praet

  31. 6) Court of Auditors

  32. Ct of Auditors: Origins • 1975: Treaty Amending Certain Financial Provisions of the Treaties • Maasticht Treaty: The Court becomes a community institution • Luxembourg

  33. Ct of Auditors: Membership and Organisation • Members : • 1 member/MS • Appointment by Council of Ministers (QMV) after consultation of the EP • Members must belong or have belonged to an external audit body in their country • Renewable 6-year period • Members act in general interest • Independence • Preparation and implementation of the decisions of the Court • 5 audit groups • Important decisions in plenary sessions

  34. Ct of Auditors: Membership and Organisation (contd) • President: • Elected within the 27 members • Renewable 3-year term • Efficient running of the Court • Representation of the Court in its external relations

  35. Ct of Auditors: Activities • Examination of all the EU revenues and expenditure accounts • Provision to the Council and EP of a Statement of Assurance • 2 main types of activities: 1) Audits and 2) Special reports and opinions

  36. Ct of Auditors: Activities(contd) • Audits general budget of EU  financial operations not included in the budget

  37. Ct of Auditors: Activities(contd) 2) Special reports and opinions →On demand of EU instituions →Before the adoption of a new or updating legislation with a potentially significant financial impact

  38. Thank you for your attention

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