Social Studies 20-2

1. Social Studies 20-2 Chapter 12 Internationalism and Nationalism

2. Key Terms: • Absolute poverty • Odious debt • Civil society

3. Chapter 12 Issue • Reminder of the Related Issue Question: “Should Internationalism be pursued?” • Chapter 12 issue: Internationalism- How effectively does it address contemporary global issues? • Volunteer to read page 265? • Respond to the bulleted questions • Do the Cartoon Analysis

4. What are contemporary global issues? • Read opening paragraph page 266 • Climate Change • Spread of Disease • Access to Water

5. Climate Change • Read “Climate change” page 266 • Ocean currents and prevailing winds carry pollution from one country into the air and water of other countries • Kyoto Protocol – was proposed in 1997 • International attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions • Canada and other developed countries signed the protocol to reduce emissions by 20% by 2020 • Since then Canada still has not met its Kyoto targets • Canada stated the Kyoto protocol would cost the Canadian economy $51 billion in revenues

6. Spread of Disease • Read pages 267-268 • Has been a global issue for a long time • World Health Organization is the United Nations agency that tries to stop the spread of deadly diseases • WHO focuses on global health issues: identifying, monitoring, and controlling international health threats • 2002-2003 SARS epidemic was a test for the WHO • WHO constantly prepares for the next health threat that might become an epidemic – or even a pandemic

7. Bird Flu • Also known as Avian Influenza – is common among many species of birds • Most strains do not infect humans • In 1997 one strain caused the death of 6 people in Hong Kong • To stop the spread of the disease, Chinese officials ordered the slaughter 1.4 million chickens • By the end of 2006 – 75 people had died from the Bird Flu – mainly because governments worked quickly to develop Bird Flu Plans

8. Not to scare you.... • According to the Calgary Herald, November 25th/2009: • 51 total h1 n1 deaths in Alberta this year • Alberta’s death rate from the h1 n1 flu: 11.39 per million people-nearly X2 the national average

9. Access to Water • Read pages 268-269 • Canada has up to 20% of the worlds fresh water but just 0.5% of the world’s population • In many countries do not have access to clean water – about 17% ( 1.1 Billion People ) do not access to clean drinking water • Every year 1.8 million children die because of diseases spread in water • Every 8 seconds a child dies after drinking dirty water

10. Water as a Human Right • UN – this right to water is just as important as the ‘right to life, liberty and security of person’, which is set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Control over Water • Canada controls the water within its borders • Decide how to use the water • Make rules about dumping sewage into water, can sell the water, or create power with it Oldman River Dam, Alberta

11. World Wide Water Crisis • Countries which have a lot of fresh water are likely to face increased international pressure to share their water with countries that do not have enough • Barlow believes: • World is running out of water • Every day more people are living without access to clean water • Powerful international corporations are taking control of Earth’s fresh water and selling it to make a profit

12. Internationalism to address contemporary Global Issues • Read opening paragraph page 270 • Grab a copy of “Internationalism and contemporary Global Issues” • Poverty • Hunger • Human Rights • Conflict • Disease • Debt • Climate Change

13. Internationalism and Poverty • In 2006 – World Bank estimated that more than a billion people live in absolute poverty – severe lack of human needs, lack of education, shelter, or information • In 2007, Oxfam, an international non-governmental organization, and a network of about 80 aid agencies reported that 43% of Iraqis were living in absolute poverty

14. Cause and Effect of Poverty • Read the causes and effects of poverty on page 272 • Poverty often causes other serious problems • When people do not have enough money to buy food they go hungry. When they do not have enough money to buy clean drinking water, they may contract diseases from dirty water. If they lack food and water and their lives and their families lives are at risk they may even go to war to get what they need to survive

15. Cause and Effect of Poverty • Lack of Education • People who do not receive a basic education have trouble finding jobs and may become locked into a cycle of poverty • Conflict and War • Causes millions of people to flee and often they can not earn money to survive • Trade Rules • International trade rules restrict some people from selling their goods and services. Mostly favours developed countries • Discrimination • Members of minority groups often have limited access to jobs • Lack Of Resources – can’t grow crops to make money or food

16. Internationalism and Hunger • Read page 273 • Most of the time 850 million people in the world are hungry-18 000 children die a day • Food shortages have led to the United Nations to hold a World Food Summit, of which 185 countries attend • Trying to reduce the number of hungry by half by 2015

17. Internationalism and Disease • Read page 274 • People who do not have healthy food cannot fight disease effectively • People can not afford medication or have access to medication in some areas

18. HIV and AIDS in Africa • AIDS diagnosis use to be a death sentence – no longer – new drugs now help people survive longer • Spread of AIDS has slowed drastically • Only about 0.3% of Canadians have AIDS • In Africa • In 2007 – 1.1 million people died from AIDS and 22.5 million people were living with the disease • Common practice is education and awareness campaigns combined with treatment programs

19. Internationalism and Debt • Read page 275 • Many of the poorest countries in the world must spend so much money to pay off their debts to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank than they do not have enough left over to provide health, education, and social services for their own citizens

20. Odious Debt • Is debt that results from a loan to a government that uses the money to oppress people of its country or for its own personal use • Probe International, monitors Canada’s delivery of foreign aid, says that the debt is odious if: • It was incurred without the consent of the country’s people • It did not benefit the country’s people • The lender of the money was aware of these two conditions

21. Internationalism and Climate Change • Read page 276 • May be the most pressing global issue of the 21st century • Human activity is causing Earth’s climate to change more quickly in the past • Burning of fossil fuels • Cutting down rain forest • Polar Ice Cap melting • United Nations Environment Programme provided global leadership in dealing with environmental issues

22. Making a Difference • Read page 277

23. Internationalism and Human Rights • Read page 278 • World War II showed the international community that countries must work together to protect human rights. • Members of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, soon after the United Nations was founded. • Why would creating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights be an important step in fighting human rights abuses? • When a country violates the rights of its own citizens or the citizens of another country the UN can take action to stop the abuse. • Before the UN can act, all five permanent members of the UN security council must agree – China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States • If one of these permanent members rejects a proposal, the UN cannot act.

24. Internationalism and Conflict • Read page 279 • Conflicts are often complex and difficult to solve – as a result, the world community often struggles to find solutions that work.

25. Internationalism in Addressing Contemporary Global Issues • In 2000, the UN established eight international targets – its millennium development goals: • Cutting world poverty in half • Providing all children with at least a primary school education • Fighting disease such as HIV/AIDS ( As of 2008 – it looks like none of these goals will be met by 2015 ) Does the fact that the world is not likely to achieve the millennium development goals by 2015 suggest that international efforts to solve the worlds problems have failed?

26. International Trade • Read page 280 • Some believe trade among countries will solve many of the world problems • Believe when countries are better off economically they are less likely to go to war • WTO regulates and monitors world trade with the emphasis on peace by helping countries improve • There is much disagreement about the WTO as well. Most of this centers around the criticism that the WTO favours developing countries • Farm subsidies are controversial

27. Internationalism and Nation-States • Page 281- People disagree over the effects of internationalism • Internationalism is improving people’s lives and is relieving suffering, protecting the innocent, and making people around the world more secure • World Bank or the IMF lends money to a government to change it policies and these changes often include cutting spending on social programs, such as education and health care. • In failed states, the rulers may care little about the welfare of the country’s citizens • How can international institutions or organizations help people in a nation-state where the rulers are corrupt?

28. Decline versus Change • Read page 282 • Some people believe that the development of international organization such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organizations has reduced the power of individual nation-states • In a global economy governments of countries cannot make their own decisions without considering international trading rules, the wishes of multi-national corporations and the economies of other countries

29. Civil Society • Refers to a non-government and non-business organizations of various kinds. • These organizations may be large or small and involve community groups, faith-based groups, labour unions, and universities • Civil society helps connect citizens, nation-states, and international organizations. • These links give individuals the chance to influence policy and events at local, regional, national, and international levels

30. A view from here • Read page 283

31. Related Issue #3 Exam • Covers chapters 9-12 • 25 Multiple choice questions

32. Question #1 Some options nations consider when shaping their responses to the rest of the world Page 210-213

33. Which option(s) for responding to the rest of the world do you think best meet Canada’s needs? Write a response in paragraph form in which you must  identify the option(s) for response that you think best meet Canada’s needs  explain why the option(s) best meet Canada’s needs  c) support your response by referring to your understanding of social studies