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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Includes all the structures that allow for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Respiratory System Tasks Primary functions- G as transport Gas exchange - via difussion Secondary Functions- M oistening and warming/cooling Particulate/pathogen removal.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Includes all the structures that allow for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body

  2. Respiratory System Tasks Primary functions- Gas transport Gas exchange - via difussion Secondary Functions- Moistening and warming/cooling Particulate/pathogen removal

  3. Trachea Diaphragm

  4. Gas exchange takes place between capillaries and alveoli (tiny air sacs) O2 CO2

  5. Breath in = Inspiration Rib muscles contract, diaphragm contracts Chest volume expands air flows in Breath out = Expiration Rib muscles relax, diaphragm relaxes Chest volume decreases – air goes out Vocal cords – air moves past them making them move and producing noise Ability to speak is based on on ability to breath Spirometry Test http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/lungs.html

  6. Questions • Why do the walls of the alveoli need to be very very thin? • DIFFUSION of gases into and out of the blood! • What actually carries the gases to and away from your cells? Be specific. • RED BLOOD CELLS

  7. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Functions: Supply oxygen and nutrients to the body

  8. Heart • The Heart is a muscle as big as your fist • Functions pump blood continuously through the body • Move oxygen and gases • Nutrients in and waste out

  9. Human Heart – 4 chambers • Every beat is a muscle contraction that pumps blood through your body.

  10. Blood Vessels • Arteries – carry blood with oxygen away from the heart to our cells. • Veins – carry blood with carbon dioxide back to the heart • Capillaries – very small, very thin. They wrap around our cells and deliver oxygen and nutrients to our cells. DIFFUSION!

  11. There are 4 chambers of the heart 2 small (atriums) and 2 big (ventricles) • Electrical cells send signals to the heart to tell it when to beat (found in right atrim) • Heart muscles don’t get tired and are strong – cardiac muscle

  12. Smooth muscle – stomach • Skeletal muscle – arms and legs will fatigue • Cardiac muscle can contract on its own • If the blood vessles get clogged in: • The brain = stroke • The heart = heart attack, cardiac arrest

  13. Blood Basics • Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. • Functions, include: • transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues • forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss • carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection • bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the blood • regulating body temperature

  14. The blood that runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries is known as whole blood, a mixture of about 55 percent plasma and 45 percent blood cells. About 7 to 8 percent of your total body weight is blood. An average-sized man has about 12 pints of blood in his body, and an average-sized woman has about 9 pints.

  15. Why is our blood red? Red cells contain a special protein called hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled. Hemoglobin, contains iron and helps transport oxygen--and gives blood its red color.

  16. What is plasma? • The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. • The main job of the plasma is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as hormones, and proteins that help maintain the body's fluid balance.

  17. White Blood Cells (also called leukocytes) White blood cells protect the body from infection. They are much fewer in number than red blood cells, accounting for about 1 percent of your blood.

  18. Platelets (also called thrombocytes) Unlike red and white blood cells, platelets are not actually cells but rather small fragments of cells. Platelets help the blood clotting process (or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur.

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