Unit 3 Reading The Perfect Copy Producer: Zhang Shaozhu, Changjing high Mid

1. Unit 3 Reading The Perfect Copy Producer: Zhang Shaozhu, Changjing high Middle School

2. Step1: Background information sharing 1. What do you know about Frankenstein’s monster? 2. How about Dolly the Sheep? 3. The process of cloning 4. The development of cloning

3. Step 2: Reading focus 1.Reading for general idea: a) What’ the main idea of the passage? -------read the first and last paragraphs to predict. The passage focuses on people’s attitudes towards human cloning. b) Does the article give me an anti- or pro-cloning point of view, or both? Both.

4. 2.Reading for detailed information: (1).What have scientists announced recently? They have successfully cloned the first human embryo. (2).Do people hold the same opinion on the cloned human embryo? No. some people are in favour of it, while some are against it. (3).Why are some people in favor of cloning an embryo? Because it can be used to produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to save human lives.

5. (4).Why are some people against cloning an embryo? Because the fear that if mankind interfere with nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster. (5).What is cloning? Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. (6).What’s the name of the first cloned mammal? Its name is Dolly the sheep. (7).When was she born and when did she die? It was born in 1996 and died in early 2003.

6. (8).What can you conclude from the statement that Dolly the sheep died at a much younger age than normal? Cloning could create more disease in the animal world. (9).What’ s Ian Wilmut’s reaction to human cloning? Is he for or against human cloning? He is shocked. Probably he is against human cloning. (10). What does Ian think of cloning research? He thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer.

7. (11).Why is human cloning good news for Faye Wilson? Because if she had a chance, she would have a cloned baby. (12).Is Pauline Carter pro- or anti-cloning? She is anti-cloning.

8. 3,Reading for the passage structure : Para.1 People hold opposite attitudes towards human cloning. Para.2 What’s cloning and people’s attitudestowards the first cloned mammal---Dolly the sheep. Para.3 Negative attitudes towards cloning ---Ian Wilmut’s opinon on human cloning Para.4 Positive attitudes towards cloning---Faye Wilson Para.5 Attitudes towards cloning human embryo Para.6 The development of cloning in China & Two letters (pro-and anti-cloning respectively)

9. Step 3: Note-taking : According to the text, why do people pro-cloning? Why do people anti-cloning?

10. 1.Cloning would interfere with the normal cycle of life. 2.Cloning would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality. 3.Cloning human parts results in disaster. 4.The cloning of any species, whether they are human or non-human, is ethically and morally wrong. 5.If the technology were to be so that scientists could transfer human genes into animals which could create a worldwide disaster that no one would be able to stop. 1.Cloning could provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child had died. 2.Cloning would be probably used by infertile people 3.Cloning could be used in various ways to benefit the lives of humans. 4.Another goal of cloning is to produce biological products such as proteins for humans. 5 Cloning would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transplantorgans.

11. Step 4: Extensive reading Go through the following passage to get more idea about cloning. How many embryos did scientists use to produce Dolly?

12. How was Dolly produced? Producing an animal clone from an adult cell is obviously much more complex and difficult than growing a plant from a cutting. So when scientists working at the Roslin Institute in Scotland produced Dolly, the only lamb born from 277 attempts, it was a major news story around the world. To produce Dolly, the scientists used the nucleus of an udder cell from a six-year-old Finn Dorset white sheep. The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's genes. They had to find a way to 'reprogram' the udder cells - to keep them alive but stop them growing ?which they achieved by altering the growth medium (where the cells were kept alive). Then they injected the cell into an unfertilised egg cell which had had its nucleus removed, and made the cells fuse by using electrical pulses. The unfertilised egg cell came from a Scottish Blackface ewe. When the scientists had managed to fuse the nucleus from the adult white sheep cell with the egg cell from the black-faced sheep, they needed to make sure that the resulting cell would develop into an embryo. They cultured it for six or seven days to see if it divided and developed normally, before implanting it into a surrogate mother, another Scottish Blackface ewe. Dolly had a white face. From 277 cell fusions, 29 early embryos developed and were implanted into 13 surrogate mothers. But only one pregnancy went to full term, and the 6.6kg Finn Dorset lamb 6LLS (alias Dolly) was born after 148 days.

13. Step 5: Debate To clone or not, that is a question. 1.Would you like to have a cloned sister or brother? Why or why not? 2.If your pet dog or pet cat were killed, would you have it cloned?

14. Step 6: Exploring More about cloning (group work) Explore more information about cloning using every means that is available to get a better understanding of it. American scientists have been unable to use government money to create new embryonic stem cells since 2001. That year, Bush ordered a ban on federal funding for stem cell embryo research. But there are also doctors who vehemently oppose cloning. They say they are just too many unknowns. For example, it took scientists 227 tries to get the Dolly experiment to work. Those previous attempts created clones that were seriously deformed and soon died. The scientists who cloned Dolly, recently came out in opposition to human cloning. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june01/cloning.html

15. Updated April 18, 2006 Fifteen states have laws pertaining to human cloning. The issue was first addressed by California legislature, which banned reproductive cloning, or cloning to initiate a pregnancy, in 1997. Since then Arkansas, Connecticut, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Rhode Island, New Jersey, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Virginia have enacted measures to prohibit reproductive cloning. Arizona and Missouri have measures that address the use of public funds for cloning, and Maryland prohibits the use of state stem cell research funds for reproductive cloning and possibly therapeutic cloning depending on how one interprets the definition of human cloning in the statute. Louisiana also enacted legislation that prohibited reproductive cloning, but the law expired in July 2003. http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/Genetics/rt-shcl.htm

16. In the movie 'Godsend,' a couple played by Rebecca Romijn-Stamos,left, and Greg Kinnear, middle, uses cloning to help bring their dead son,right, played by Adam Bright, back to life. But the clone of their son turns out… …to be every parent’s worst nightmare. Cloning in movie

17. To conclude: 1, The development of society and science should be in harmony with nature. 2, Science and technology is a two-edged sword, which should be employed in respect of human life. 3, The technology pictures a bright future in certain fields meanwhile it causes common concerns about security, and even morality and ethics.

18. Homework: 1, Finish writing a report about cloning with ideas got from this period; 2, Try to collect more information about cloning through all means available, group work encouraged.

19. Thank you!

20. In the novel, Victor Frankenstein , builds the creature through methods of science . However, the creature is so ugly that it is deserted and disliked. After repeated failure in gaining any affection from people, the monster tries to revenge on his creator, Frankenstein, for bringing him into the world. One by one, he kills Frankenstein's nephew, his family's maid, his best friend and even his bride. Angry and desperate, Victor tries to hunt down and destroy his creation. The search ends in the Arctic Circle when Frankenstein falls into ice cold water, contracting severe pneumonia. After Victor's death, the creature find himself having lost the only family he has ever known, and commit suicide. written by Mary Sherry, published in 1818 ,later adopted in many films Cloning in literature

21. Dolly the sheep Born on 5th.June.1996 Die on14th.February 2003 Dolly and its creator Professor Ian Wilmut

22. A Finn Dorset white sheep 供体 乳腺细胞 卵母细胞 去核细胞 培养乳腺细胞 融合 胚泡 代育 the process of the cloning

23. A cloned cow They  behaved  just  like  pigs.  Or  at  least,  that's  what  a  study  of  cloned  pigs  found  at  Texas  A&M  University.  

24. The world’s first water buffalo cloned from somatic cells was born in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. An advertisement about stem cell products