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Communication

This article provides an overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web, explaining concepts such as IP addresses, DNS, routers, and URLs. Learn how these elements facilitate communication and enable access to web pages and websites.

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Communication

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  1. Communication The Internet and the WWW

  2. The Internet

  3. IP Addresses Each device connected to the internet is assigned an IP address. An IP address identifies a computer to a network. IP addresses play an important role in routing packets around a network. Each packet carries the IP address of the sending device and the IP address of the receiving devices. Unlike a MAC address, an IP address is not pre-set. There are two types of IP address; IPv4 and IPv6. You can calculate the total number of addresses that IPv4 can provide using 2^32.

  4. Activity 1 Use internet research to help you complete this table:

  5. Activity 1 Visit www.whois.sc and look up the owners of these IP addresses:

  6. DNS The Domain Name System (DNS) is designed to match up a user-friendly domain name like ‘facebook.com’ to an IP address. A device can send a request to the DNS server for an address and the DNS server will reply with an IP address. The device can then use this IP address as their destination.

  7. Structure of the Internet The high speed data routes that connect the routers and the large networks they support is known as the connecting backbone of the internet. Router Router Router Switch Switch Switch Routers are used to route packets between different networks. Routers use the IP address to route the packets.

  8. Activity 2

  9. Crossword Create a crossword featuring the following key terms: Internet IP Address DNS Router ISP Domain Name IPv4 IPv6 Hint: Remove spaces from the key terms.

  10. World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW) refers to the huge collection of documents, written in HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) that can be accessed using the internet. A web browser allows a user to view the web pages and navigate between them using hyperlinks.

  11. Web Pages and Websites A web page is a web document that has been written in HTML. A website is a collection of related web pages. Websites are hosted on web servers, which are computers with access to the internet.

  12. URLs A website is addressed using a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), or web page address. A URL uniquely addresses a particular web page. URLs have the following structure: protocol://domain name/pathname of the document http://www.haydonschool.com/about-us

  13. Activity 3

  14. Activity 4 Label these URLs to show the protocol, domain name and path name: https://fronter.com/hillingdon/index.phtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/news http://teach-ict.com/gcse_computing.html

  15. HTTP and HTML Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) defines how files on the World Wide Web are transmitted and displayed in web browsers. HTTPS is an encrypted version of HTTP which allows data to be scrambled as it is transmitted over the internet. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to create web pages.

  16. Activity 5

  17. Leaflet Design an A5 leaflet using Publisher that explains how the Internet and the WWW work.

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