The Colonies Come of Age

1. CHAPTER The Colonies Come of Age 3 Overview Time Lines 1 England and Its Colonies SECTION 2 The Agricultural South SECTION 3 The Commercial North SECTION 4 The French and Indian War SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 3 Economic Opportunity Science and Technology Cultural Diversity Women in America CHAPTER The Colonies Come of Age 3 HOME “ Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race . . . whose labors and posterity will one day cause great change in the world.” Michel Guillaume Jean de Crévecoeur, soldier and writer

3. What do you know? • What sorts of people lived in the 13 American colonies? • What was the colonists’ attitude toward England? • How did life differ in the North and the South? CHAPTER The Colonies Come of Age 3 HOME

4. 1651English Parliament passes Navigation Acts. 1682French explorer LaSalle claims Louisiana for France. 1732Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard’s Almanack. 1735Zenger trial establishes freedom of the press. 1739South Carolina slaves rise up in Stono Rebellion. 1740Great Awakening begins. 1754French and Indian War begins. 1763Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War. 1764Parliament passes Sugar Act. CHAPTER Time Line 3 HOME The United States

5. 1652Dutch settlers establish Cape Town in South Africa. 1683Manchus of China conquer island of Formosa (Taiwan). 1688William and Mary take power in Britain’s Glorious Revolution. 1707Act of Union unites England and Wales with Scotland to form Great Britain. 1739In Japan, 84,000 farmers protest heavy taxation. 1763Treaty of Paris recognizes British control over much of India. CHAPTER Time Line 3 HOME The World

6. Learn About mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, and the Glorious Revolution. To Understand the changing economic and political relationships between England and its North American colonies. SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME

7. SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME Key Idea England and its North American colonies prosper under a beneficial trade relationship, but tensions emerge as the colonies push for more political and economic freedom.

8. Problem:Keeping the colonies under England’s economic and political control SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME 1 Section Assessment SYNTHESIZING What steps did England take to solve its economic and political problems with the colonists? England’s Solutions: 1. In 1651, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade. 2. In 1686, James II merged northern colonies and disbanded their local assemblies. 3. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Parliament strengthened the Navigation Acts.

9. INTERPRETING In 1707, the British mercantilist Nehemiah Grew forecast that the colonies, “forgetting their relation to the mother countries, will then confederate and consider nothing further than the means to support their ambition of standing on their own legs.” Explain why the British did not want this to happen. THINK ABOUT • the goals of mercantilism • what might happen to Great Britain’s economy if Grew’s prediction came true SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. FORMING AN OPINION Britain passed legislation and established policies to control the American colonies but was inconsistent in its enforcement of those policies. Was this approach to governing the colonies effective or ineffective? Why? THINK ABOUT • the Navigation Acts • the policy of salutary neglect • the positive and negative outcomes of aggressively enforcing policies SECTION 1 England and Its Colonies HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About how the South became a labor-intensive, agricultural society. To Understand the growth of slavery in the Southern colonies. SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME Key Idea The Southern colonies develop a labor-intensive plantation economy, which leads to a mostly rural society and the growth of slavery.

13. 2. Small Farmers: made up the majority of Southern population 3. Women:had limited legal, political, and social rights 4. Indentured Servants: had virtually no rights while in bondage 5. Slaves: formed economic base of plantation system SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the five tiers of Southern social order? What kinds of people made up these classes? 1.Planters: controlled the South’s economy, as well as its political and social structure

14. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS In what ways do you think the development of the Southern economy and society might have been imbalanced? THINK ABOUT • the basis of the South’s economy • the types of crops grown • the distribution of power in Southern society SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. ANALYZING ISSUES In what ways was slavery a brutal system? Consider the whole of the slave experience. SECTION 2 The Agricultural South HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About economic changes in the Northern colonies and intellectual and religious changes in all the colonies. To Understand the beginnings of economic, political, and social differences with England. SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME

17. SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME Key Idea The Northern colonies develop an economy fueled by commerce and trade, which leads to a diverse and urban society. There, important religious and intellectual changes occur that effect all the colonies.

18. SUMMARIZING What are some examples that illustrate the diversity found in the economy, population, and religious groups of the Northern colonies? The Diversity of Northern Colonies Economy Population Religious Groups several cash crops English, Germans, Scots-Irish, and other immigrant groups Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Quakers, Methodists, other Protestant denominations, Jews fisheries, mills, manufacturing African slaves SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME 33 Section Assessment

19. ANALYZING How might a person who believed in the ideas of the Enlightenment have assessed the Salem witchcraft trials? THINK ABOUT • the kinds of evidence presented at the trials • the hysteria that gripped the town • Enlightenment ideas of careful observation and reasoning SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. APPLYING What positive and negative trends that emerged in the Northern colonies during the 1700s still affect the United States today? THINK ABOUT • the rise of cities • the influx of immigrants • the status of women and African Americans • the results of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening SECTION 3 The Commercial North HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the British victory over France in North America. To Understand the growing tensions between Great Britain and its colonies. SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME

22. SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME Key Idea The British and their colonists defeat the French in North America, enlarging Great Britain’s New World empire and causing new British-colonial friction.

23. SUMMARIZING What were some of the major events of the French and Indian War and its aftermath? 1763End of French and Indian War Colonists’ expansion halted with the Proclamation of 1763 Britain’s postwar financial crisis Appointment of George Grenville as prime minister 1754Outbreak of French and Indian War 1759British triumph at Quebec 1764Passage of the Sugar Act SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME 4 Section Assessment

24. MAKING DECISIONS If you had been a Native American living in the Northeast during the French and Indian War, would you have formed a military alliance with France or Great Britain? THINK ABOUT • Native Americans’ past relations with France and Britain • the goals of France and Britain in North America • what Native Americans might have gained or lost as a result of a victory by either nation SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. HYPOTHESIZING What if the outcome of the war had been different and France had won? How might this have affected the 13 colonies? THINK ABOUT • the actual outcome of the Treaty of Paris • France’s patterns of colonization • France’s relations with Native Americans SECTION 4 The French and Indian War HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 3 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What was a nation’s ultimate goal under mercantilism and how did Great Britain strive to achieve this goal? 2. Why was the Dominion of New England formed and what caused its collapse? 3. Why did plantations develop instead of towns in most parts of the South? 4. What were the status and ways of life of women in the Southern colonies? 5. Cite examples of both nonviolent and violent resistance to slavery in the South.

27. 3 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Briefly describe the diverse agricultural and commercial economies that developed in New England and the Middle colonies. 7. How were the philosophical ideas of the Enlightenment expressed in the American colonies? 8. Which of the following groups—the English, the French, or the Spanish—had developed the best relations with Native Americans? Why? 9. Briefly explain why Great Britain won the French and Indian War. 10. What were the provisions of the Sugar Act? Why did it anger many colonial merchants?