Leadership Styles

1. Leadership Styles Governments around the world

2. Totalitarianism • absolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideology • all economic activity is controlled by the party • Totalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.

3. Totalitarianism • when a goal must be accomplished in a set time period • when all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s) • if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizens Totalitarian governments are effective:

4. Totalitarianism • if citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leader • if the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizens • if there is no time limit for a goal Totalitarian governments are not effective:

5. Totalitarianism • U.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin

6. Totalitarianism • Italy 1922 - Benito Mussolini

7. Totalitarianism • Germany 1933 - Adolf Hitler

8. Totalitarianism • Spain 1936 - Francisco Franco

9. Totalitarianism • North Korea 1948 - Kim Il-sung

10. Totalitarianism • China 1949 - Mao Zedong

11. Totalitarianism • Cuba 1959 - Fidel Castro

12. Autocracy • leader has absolute power, and tells others what to do • limited discussion on ideas • leader can be elected into power • decisions may be made by a monarch (hereditary leadership) or a dictator (non-hereditary leadership) • only an absolute monarchy has total control. constitutional monarchies (Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic

13. Autocracy • Yes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarch Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?

14. Autocracy • when time is limited in decision making • individuals/groups lack skill and knowledge • citizens do not get along or are unable to co-operate • citizens and government staff do not respond to leadership styles Autocracies are effective:

15. Autocracy • when developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goal • citizens have some degree of skill or knowledge • when citizens want their opinion to be heard Autocracies are not effective:

16. Autocratic Leaders • King Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years

17. Autocratic Leaders • Joseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power

18. Autocratic Leaders • Adolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power

19. Autocratic Leaders • Muammar Gaddafi - Libya 32 years in power

20. Autocratic Leaders • Bashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000

21. Oligarchy • an oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person

22. Democracy • decisions are made by the majority • power rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarch • some democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a constitutional monarchy.

23. Democracy • when there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizens • a sense of teamwork exists • routines are familiar to citizens Democratic governments are effective:

24. Democracy • when there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizens • when a low sense of teamwork/interdependence exists • citizens expect to be told what to do Democratic governments are not effective:

25. Democracy • Canada

26. Democracy • United States of America

27. Democracy • Japan

28. Democracy • India

29. Democracy • England

30. Laissez-Faire • no group leader or system of government • a state of social disorder due to lack of government • laissez-faire is also known as anarchy

31. Laissez-Faire • when time is available • group is motivated and/or a sense of team exists • members of the group have some degree of skill or knowledge Laissez-faire is effective:

32. Laissez-Faire • high degree of conflict is present • group is unmotivated • members of the group have little skill or knowledge Laissez-faire is not effective:

33. Laissez-Faire • high degree of conflict is present • group is unmotivated • members of the group have little skill or knowledge Laissez-faire is not effective:

34. Laissez-Faire • Somalia

35. Theocracy • leadership by religion

36. Theocracy • when all citizens possess the same understanding of the religion • when values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizens Theocracy is effective:

37. Theocracy • when religious rules are interpreted differently among citizens • when values/morals/ethics are different among citizens Theocracy is not effective:

38. Theocracy • Vatican City - Pope Benedict XVI

39. Theocracy • Iran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei

40. Aristocracy • decisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or education • people in charge considered “naturally better” or “high born”

41. Aristocracy • when the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well-being of the citizens Aristocracy is effective: • when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedy Aristocracy is not effective:

42. French Estates System First Estate (Clergy) Bishops - 139 Monks - 25 000 Nuns - 40 000 Lower Clergy - 50 000 Second Estate (Nobility) 350 000 Third Estate (Everyone else) 24 500 000