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Lebanon

Lebanon. Presented by: Eng. Nisrine El Hajj LARI-Department of Irrigation and Agro- meteo. plan. General overview Brief about communication Brief about agriculture Universities NARO(National Agriculture Research Organization) LARI. General overview(1).

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Lebanon

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  1. Lebanon Presented by: Eng. Nisrine El Hajj LARI-Department of Irrigation and Agro-meteo

  2. plan • General overview • Brief about communication • Brief about agriculture • Universities • NARO(National Agriculture Research Organization) • LARI

  3. General overview(1) • Lebanon means : white mountains • Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Occupied Palestine and Syria • Total Area: 10,452 sq km • Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers • Highest Point: Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m • Ethnic groups: Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1% • Religions:17 religious sects recognized • Languages: Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

  4. General overview(2) • Capital: Beirut • Population: 4,143,101 (July 2011) • Monetary Unit: LBP • Type of Government: Republic • Natural resources: Limestone, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land

  5. General overview(3)

  6. Communication(1) • Telephones: Land lines in use: 750,000(2011) • Mobile Cellular(Global System for Mobile Communication-GSM): 2,916,000 (2011) • Internet: - Administered by the Ministry of Telecommunication - 3 types of services: dialup services, wireless Internet service and ADSL A)56 K dialup -Cost around $7/month but users have to pay for the cost of phone communication.

  7. Communication(2) B) ADSL Services -Offered for the first time in April 2007 and there are currently more than14,000 subscribers -Still under slow development in some cities or rural areas -Prices varies from $19/month (128 kpbs) to 70$/month (1 Mbit/s) on limited bandwidth plans. - Ogero provides HDSL: a 2.3 Mbit/s, 8 GB/month down/up traffic for 200$/month.

  8. Communication(3) -According to Minister of Telecommunications CharbelNahhas, by the end of 2011 all the areas of Lebanon will have fast internet ranging from 10-15 Mbit/s download, and 20 Mbit/s and more will be available the year after. C) Wireless Internet -The first time in 2005 - Bandwidth:3GB (45$/mo) and 5GB (90$/mo) - Extra bandwidth:25$ per 1GB - Download rates between 512 kbit/s and 1Mbit/s

  9. Communication(4) -Internet country code:” .lb” -Internet hosts: 51,451 (2010) -Internet users: 1 million (2009) • ISPs:Broadband Plus, ComNet, Farah Net, Fiberlink Networks (NewCom), IDM, Keblon, Lebanon OnLine, Masco Group, Moscanet (Wise), Onet Plus, Pro Services, Sodetel, Solidere, Terranet, Transmog (Cyberia), Tri Network Consultants, Virtual ISP (VISP). • DSPs:Cable One, Cedarcom, GlobalCom Data Services, Pesco, Sodetel, Solidere, LCNC S.A.L., TRISAT S.A.R.L., Waves S.A.L.

  10. Agriculture Overview(1) • Agricultural land comprises around 20% of Lebanon Total Area (According to MoA) • Most fertile areas are located along the coastal strip and in the Bekaa valley • Agriculture products: • Five major categories: cereals, fruits, olives, industrial crops (such as sugar beet and tobacco), and vegetables.

  11. Agriculture Overview(2) • Fruit and olive trees occupy 45% of the total cultivated area. • Agricultural production in greenhouses is more intensive than in open fields and requires more agro-chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers). • Agricultural production 42% of total cultivated land concentrated in the Beqaa. • Beqaa hosts 52% of the total area used for industrial crops (including sugar beet, tobacco, and vineyards) and 47% of the total area used for cereal production. • North (Akkar and Koura regions) host 40% the area used for olive production in the country.

  12. Universities • American University of Beirut -Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences www.aub.edu.lb • Saint Joseph University (USJ)-Ecole Sup. d'Ingénieursd'Agronomie Medit./Univwww.usj.edu.lb • Lebanese University-Beirut-Faculty of Agriculture and veterinary sciences - www.ul.edu.lb • St-Esprit - Kaslik, Jounieh(USEK)-Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques/Univ. www.usek.edu.lb

  13. NARO • Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI)-Main governmental research body www.lari.gov.lb • Ministry of Agriculture www.agriculture.gov.lb • National Council for Scientific Research (NCSR or Centre National de la RechercheScientifique: CNRS) www.cnrs.fr • Green Plan www.greenplan.gov.lb

  14. LARI(1) • Governmental organization under Minister of Agriculture Supervision. • Conducts applied and basic scientific research in soil,crop, livestock, water, environmental, irrigational, and food sciences for the development and advancement of the agricultural sector in Lebanon.

  15. LARI(2) • Conducts extension services, and Keeps close ties to the farmers and tries to develop research activities aiming at solving their problems. • Number of employees: 252

  16. LARI Main Stations(8) Abdé kfarchakhna Kfardan TelAmara Fanar New station under construction: Hermil, hasbaya, keserwan Terbol Lebaa Tyr

  17. Climatic Weather Stations

  18. Environmental monitoring

  19. DISTRIBUTION OF WEATHER STATIONS

  20. CONFIGURATION OF STATIONSTYPE A (4 stations) • Temp. & Relative Humidity • Radiation • Rainfall • Barometer • Soil Temp 10 cm, 20 cm • Wind speed & Wind direction • Leaf wetness • Mounting post

  21. CONFIGURATION OF STATIONSTYPE B (14 stations) • Temp. & Relative Humidity in Convection cap • Radiation • Rainfall • Soil Temp 10 cm – 20 cm • Wind speed & Wind direction • Leaf wetness • Mounting post

  22. CONFIGURATION OF STATIONSTYPE C(30 stations) • Temp. & Relative Humidity in Convection cap • Rainfall • Leaf wetness • Mounting post

  23. HOW TO ACCESS CLIMATIC DATA?

  24. Web-Browser Access to one or more stations! Local Weather forecast Global Concept GPRS Internet Database Farmer, Consultant, Farm chemical supplier etc. GPRS GPRS GPRS

  25. Fieldclimate Website

  26. Fieldclimate Website

  27. Forecast System-ABDEH Station

  28. OUTPUTS(1) • Establishing an automated agro-meteorological national network, representing different agro-climatic zones in Lebanon. • Collection of weather data at National level. • Concentrate in real time weather data from different sources .The network is headed by the Department of Irrigation and Agro-Meteorology (DIAM). • An online meteorological service for different end-users, i.e. researcher, extensionists and farmers.

  29. OUTPUTS(2) • Provide at each site-specific station an Early Warning System for pest and disease for all strategic crops in Lebanon By sending SMS on mobile phone; • Involvement of the Technical Agricultural Schools, as well as Target Farmers Groups in the process of early warning system; • Strengthen the relations between different stakeholders of the agricultural sector in Lebanon, namely Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Institute, Extension Services and the farmers;

  30. THANK YOU

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