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Terminology

Tropical disturbance - cluster of thunderstorms, weak pressure gradients, no real rotation Tropical depression - at least one closed isobar, winds less than 39 mph Tropical storm - a depression with winds stronger than 39-73 mph Hurricane - winds stronger than 74 mph. Terminology.

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Terminology

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  1. Tropical disturbance - cluster of thunderstorms, weak pressure gradients, no real rotation Tropical depression - at least one closed isobar, winds less than 39 mph Tropical storm - a depression with winds stronger than 39-73 mph Hurricane - winds stronger than 74 mph Terminology

  2. Anita (September 1977) in central Gulf of Mexico

  3. A Suggestive Overview Notice the apparent guidance by the Azore High

  4. SST and Tropical Systems

  5. “Invest” A weather system for which a tropical cyclone forecast center (NHC, CPHC, or JTWC) is interested in collecting specialized data sets and/or running model guidance. Once a system has been designated as an invest, data collection and processing is initiated on a number of sites (eg. Naval Research Laboratory, U. Wisc. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS). Designation as an invest does not correspond to any particular l likelihood of development of the system into a tropical cyclone.

  6. (See text p 157) Tropical Storm 39-73 mph Hurricanes: Category 1 74-95 mph Minor damage to buildings; damage to unanchored mobile homes, signs; some coastal flooding and minor pier damage. Category 2 96-110 mph Some damage to building roofs, doors and considerable damage to mobile homes; flooding, damaged piers, small unprotected craft may break moorings, some trees blown down. Saffir-Simpson Scale -1

  7. Category 3 111-130 mph Damage to small residences and utility buildings. large trees blown down. Mobile homes destroyed. flooding near coast destroys smaller structures, larger structures damaged by floating debris. - Examples: Keith 2000, Fran 1996, Opal 1995 Category 4 131-155 mph Some complete roof structure failure on small residences; major erosion of beach areas; Terrain may be flooded well inland. - Examples: Hugo 1989 and Donna 1960 Category 5 156 mph and up Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings; some complete building failures; small utility buildings blown over or away; flooding causes major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required. - Examples: Katrina, Andrew(FL) 1992, Camille 1969 Saffir-Simpson Scale (cont.)

  8. Surge

  9. Saffir-Simpson Scale (Summary)

  10. Global Hurricane Tracks 1995-2005 Highest activity: NH western tropical Pacific Lowest activity: SH Atlantic

  11. Global “Hurricane Seasons” Hurricanes around the globe.

  12. Atlantic: TS & Hurricanes 1851-2004 (1325)

  13. North Atlantic Climatology

  14. AverageCumulative Number/Yr Atlantic Eastern Pacific 10 10 (www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastprofile.shtml)

  15. Vertical Shear Over Atlantic June Sept Aug Oct

  16. Atlantic: Shear and SST August September

  17. AtlanticTS & Hurricanes 1851-2004 Named=yellow; hurricanes=green; cat 3 or greater = red

  18. Prevailing Tracks

  19. July Surface Temp 250mb 850mb

  20. August

  21. September

  22. October

  23. November

  24. Hurricane Strikes 1926-2005

  25. WesternGulf

  26. EasternGulf

  27. “Return Period”

  28. Scales of Motion

  29. Scales of Motion (2)

  30. Structure (Mature) extratropical tropical

  31. “Life Cycles” Midlatitude Cyclone

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