Scientific Classification

1. Scientific Classification

2. Day One S7L1- Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically. a. demonstrate the process for the development of a dichotomous key. b. Classify organisms based on a six-kingdom system and a dichotomous key.

3. ***Bell Ringer*** • NUTS & Bolts Activity C (10 minutes) Choose one of the items from the bag. Pretend it is something nobody has ever seen before. You want to describe it to someone on the phone. You cannot say “it’s a nail.” But you can say the shaft or stem is “shaped like a miniature pencil.” Draw your item in your Interactive Notebook and write your description (in complete sentences.)

4. ***activator*** • NUTS & Bolts Activity A (15 min) Your group will be handed a bag with assorted nuts and bolts. Sort these objects into groups based on specific physical characteristics. Examples might be: Each object in this group… • has a hole in the middle or does not have a hole in the middle • has a threaded shaft or does not have a threaded shaft • has a four-sided head or a six-sided head • has a pointy tip or has a flat tip • has a rounded (mushroom) head or has a flat head. • has indented grooves on top or has no grooves on top • has indented grooves in a cross pattern on the top or has a single slot on the top • has a shaft is more than twice the width of the head or shaft is less than twice the width of the shaft. • has a rough, silver or gray coating or is smooth and silver with no coating

5. Classification Notes One • Scientists classify living organisms into categories based mostly on their physical characteristics. The largest of these categories is the organization of Kingdom. The five kingdoms of living organisms from least complex to most complex are: • Kingdom Monera- bacteria and cyanobacteria • KindomArchaea- bacteria-like unicellular organisms that oftern inhabit extreme habitats. • Kingdom Protista- the simplest eukaryotic organisms. Most are single cell. Some live in colonies and are multicellular. • Kingdom Fungi- mushrooms, yeast, and molds. Can be single cell or multi-cellular. • Kingdom Plantae- the plant kingdom. • Kingdom Animalia- the animals

6. Why we use Classification Classification helps scientists characterize traits and specifics on organisms. We use classification to put all of earth’s known organisms into group and families. Dichotomous Keys help us to figure out what genus and species an animal falls under. For example, if a new organism was discovered, a scientist would go through a Dichotomous Key to try to find out the subject’s kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

7. Classification makes everyday life easier by putting organisms in a useful system. • Classification helps us to group the organisms we live with every day. • Classification also lets us have a system for reference and will continue to help as we study the organisms around us. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKwOlAqQoLk&list=PL68043E5115509A40

8. Each kingdom is broken down into further categories. To remember these categories you need to remember that King Phillip’s Class Ordered his Family Genius to Speak. We order you to speak, oh wise one. Speak, oh wise one. King Phillip The Royal Family's Genius

9. Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Family Genus Species

10. An organism’s scientific taxonomic name (binomial nomenclature) is its Genus (capitalized) and its species (lower case.) Orangutans are Pongoabelii. Spider monkeys are Atelesaniscus. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VVKynG3C1g

11. -At what point in their taxonomy do apes, humans, and monkeys begin to differentiate? -Which of the four animals listed are in the same Family? -What is the scientific name for the gorilla?

12. -What is the scientific name (binomial nomenclature) for the common house mouse? -What is its species? -Black rats and house mice are in the same___________ but are different ______.

13. In the Plant Kingdom, plants are divided into Divisions rather than Phyla. -These three plants are in the same ____________. -Which of the two plants are the most closely related? Tomatoes and potatoes because they are in the same genus.

14. KingPhillip’s ClassOrdered his FamilyGenius to Speak. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Speak Or if you are a plant… KingDavid’s ClassOrdered his FamilyGenius to Speak.

15. Practice Questions The scientific name/classification of blacktail deer is Odocoileushemionus. What is its species? A. Odocoileus B. hemionus C. animal hemionus 2. The scientific name for a whitetail deer is Odocoileusvirginianus. What genus is this animal a member of? A. Odocoileus B. virginianus C. animal Odocoileus

16. 3. The species of animals listed below are all members of the same ________________________. f. ALL of these. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, and Family. Mountain Lion (Panther) Jaguar (S. America) African Leopard Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Felidae Genus:Panthera Species:P. onca a. Kingdom b. Order c. Family d. Phylum e. Class f. ALL of these to the left

17. 4. Organisms that are in the same class will also be in the same_____________. Genus Phylum Family Species 5. Which of these is in the correct order? phylum-class-order-species-kingdom-family-genus kingdom-species-phylum-genus-order-class-family kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species Order-class-phylum-genus-species-kingdom-family

18. 6. Which of these species of animals are most closely related? Mountain Lion (Panther) Bengal Tiger African Leopard a. Panther & Leopard b. Tiger & Panther c. Leopard & Tiger

19. 7. Which of these two animals are most closely related? a. Kangaroo Rat & Vole b. Kangaroo Rat & Packrat c. Vole & Packrat

20. 7. Which order are these three animals in? a. Animalia b. Chordata c. Mammalia d. Rodentia

21. 8. These animals are in the same ____________ but are in different _____________. Mountain Lion (Panther) Bengal Tiger African Leopard a. species, classes b. family, species c. kingdom, families d. kingdom, classes

22. Graded Assignment • Bring in one of your stuffed animals with a taxonomical key. You must develop the key by searching for the taxonomy.

23. Day Two

24. Bell Ringer What is the scientific name for our dear Speedy? Pagonavitticeps or P. vitticeps 2. What is her genus? Pagona 3. What is her species? vitticeps 4. What is her Order? Squamata

25. What kind of key cannot unlock a thing? A Dichotomous Key

26. Dichotomous Keys • A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. • "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.

27. Example of a dichotomous key… Traditional format

28. Dichotomous key

33. Guided Practice Let’s Practice…….. Which bird is the Certhidea? Which bird is the Platyspiza? Which bird is the Geospiza? Which bird is the Camarhynchus?

34. G U I D E D P R A C T I C E Let’s Practice….. What is fish letter g? a?

35. Cooperative Group Practice- Complete Norms ID in crews. Answers to Dichotomous Key on Norms A. Beverlus B. DallusC.Rajus D. Kentuckyus E. Californus F. Walawala G. Dakotas H. Yorkius REMEMBER- the objective is to work together to complete the task. Giving answers is to crew members is not acceptable. Help struggling crew members by showing them HOW to identify the Norm rather then by simply giving them the answer.

36. Cooperative Group Practice- Complete Norms ID in crews. Answers to Dichotomous Key on Norms A. Beverlus B. DallusC.Rajus D. Kentuckyus E. Californus F. Walawala G. Dakotas H. Yorkio REMEMBER- the objective is to work together to complete the task. Giving answers is to crew members is not acceptable. Help struggling crew members by showing them HOW to identify the Norm rather then by simply giveingthem the answer.

37. Opening/Closing- Using your Pamishan Dichotomous Key homework sheet, identify this Pamishan. Walk-thru example… Broadus hairystarus

38. Day Three

39. Dichotomous Key Independent Practice Identify the fish using a dichotomous key. Teacher needs to hand out the dry erase markers and white boards.

40. Now use the dichotomous key on your table to identify these fish  • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail Fish #1 Two united dorsal fins 10 spines 90 60 Jaw hinge extends to just below the eye. 30 Noticeable scales. 10 Rock Bass (Redeye) Show Answers

41. Fish #2 Mottled pattern on (back) dorsal side, spots on sides. NO SPOTs on the caudal fin. 90 Scales NOT noticeable. No broad horizontal band. • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 60 30 10 Brook Trout Show Answers

42. Rounded dorsal. Scales NOT noticeable. Deeply Forked 90 Some black specks on the sides. • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 60 30 Channel Catfish 10 Show Answers

43. Two separate dorsal fins. Concave forehead • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 90 60 30 10 Yellow Perch Show Answers

44. Slightly Indented Caudal. 90 • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 60 Bullhead Catfish 30 10 Show Answers

45. 90 Caudal fin not forked OR slightly indented AT ALL. Fully grown 5 inch adult…….. 60 This is a Mad Tom catfish. They only grow a few inches in length. They are NOT on the key…. • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 30 10 Show Answers Teacher may just use this as an example to illustrate shortcomings of most dichotomous keys.

46. Scales noticeable Net or web pattern Body more than 4X as long as it is broad. 90 60 • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 30 10 Chain Pickerel Show Answers

47. 90 60 30 10 • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail Show Answers American Eel

48. 90 60 • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 30 10 Bluegill Show Answers

49. 90 60 • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail Show Answers 30 This is a Redbreast. It is NOT on the key ;) 10 Teacher may just use this as an example to illustrate shortcomings of most dichotomous keys.

50. United, but nearly separate. Mouth hinge extends past eye. 90 Largemouth Bass 60 More than 3X as long as it is broad. • Anterior-front • Posterior-rear • Dorsal-top • Ventral-bottom • Elongated-stretched out • Concave-bowed in (like the mark in the grass if you drop a cannon ball) • Convex-bowed out • Barbels- whiskers • Caudal-tail 30 10 Show Answers