BRICS and the New Delhi Summit: the way ahead

1. BRICS and the New Delhi Summit: the way ahead Panel Discussion

2. New Delhi Summit • This was the second consecutive BRICS Summit held in Asia. • New Delhi Summit boosted the momentum as it takes the BRICS agenda forward. • The past few years witnessed the exponential growth of several BRICS mechanisms . • This makes BRICS not just an economic union but also an increasingly social and even political forum focused on comprehensive governance issues.

3. New Delhi Summit • BRICS agenda stayed focused on its original mandate of seeking reform of the existing financial institutions • The major themes were of better governance of the global economy and sustainable development or green economy issues. • Concerns were reflected over the current global economic situation and on the slow pace of quota and governance reforms in the IMF (International Monetary Fund) • .

4. New Delhi Summit • This fourth summit has outlined some substantive initiatives that include initiatives for a BRICS Development Bank for South-South Cooperation • It is projected to facilitate intra-BRICS trade and joint investments and thereby make their growth trajectories far more autonomous of global trends. • The proposal is to make it as a powerful financial tool to improve trade opportunities.

5. Energy BRICS • BRICS countries are of critical importance to both supply and demand fundamentals of energy markets globally. • The BRICs provide a perfect division of labor in the energy sector. • Russia and Brazil are or will be key exporters, while China and India are the consummate consumers.

6. Energy BRICS • Russia occupies a key position in the global energy market. • It is already involved in a mutually dependent cooperative pattern with the European Union on oil and gas.

7. Energy BRICS • In the oil sector, Russia is the largest non-OPEC oil-producing and exporting countries • Russia has been endeavoring to renew its own energy structure for an integrated and R & D oriented development • In the global arena, the Russian oil and gas prices and trade have an increasingly important influence.

8. Energy BRICS • China is a big producer and consumer of energy resources, and outstripped the United States in 2010 in terms of consumption. • China’s natural gas supply and demand prospects is a major change of Eurasia and the world gas trade patterns and geopolitical factors • India is the fourth largest energy consumer after China, the US and Russia with an even greater dependence on external oil than China

9. Energy BRICS • On the demand side, China and India would clearly benefit from a cohesive Asian voice. • The potential for a BRIC energy partnership is thus enormous. Russia and Brazil pump it up, India and China provide the receipts.

10. Energy BRICS • The competition and cooperation between China and India in global energy arena are significant factors for global energy market today • Brazil has been conducting a large number of exploration and development in order to bridge its gaps in the energy sector, which has led to sizable discoveries in its offshore, and deep water subsalts in particular. • It is the second largest producer of ethanol in the world.

11. Energy BRICS • Brazil has set an excellent example for developing countries by developing its bio-fuel technology and utilization • South Africa, as the biggest energy user in Africa, is relatively advanced in terms of new energy development. • It also takes a leading role in the development of clean coal technology.

12. Energy BRICS • The five countries demonstrate strong complementarities and strong potential for deeper cooperation • By first establishing cooperation mechanisms among themselves and spearheading such cooperation at a global level, the BRICS countries would be at the forefront of multilateral innovation and institution building in a critical area of global governance.

13. How to promote energy BRIC • Strengthening the demand for energy management and energy technology development and application. • China and India should take the lead role to strengthen the energy demand management of the initiative

14. Promotions of New Technology • Clean coal, coal liquefaction, new energy technologies, application of deep-sea technology popularization as well as China’s future demand for shale gas development. • from the co-operation angle of view, the BRIC countries are an important strength of the emerging economies in the G20. The cooperation of the BRIC countries is bound to challenge the Western-led system of global governance inevitably formed to build a new global energy system

15. Cooperation In the energy sector • Beijing will have to give India more room to sign concessions (and even joint ventures) to defuse tensions in the Indian Ocean • Both countries would have to develop a broader (and more realistic) understanding of maritime security

16. Cooperation In the energy sector • On the supply side, continued investment in Brazilian blocs from China would help to keep Brasilia in the BRIC game. • China has already sunk $10billion into Petrobas • But the real supply side clincher would be swap agreements between China and Russia resolving the current pricing dispute.

17. Cooperation In the energy sector • From a BRIC perspective, status quo politics and security should be the overriding Sino-Soviet interest at present, not fighting each other for strategic control over natural resources.

18. Risks for Europe • Where does all this leave Europe? • BRIC growth might help to pull Europe out of the debt to certain degree, but from an energy perspective, it also creates major risks. • The core European concern is that if Russia and China strike serious agreements on gas, then the potential for Russia to lord it over its traditional European demand base is obvious

19. Risks for Europe • In any case, whether or not BRICs will ever form a more perfect union, there can be little doubt that emerging markets will increasingly define and redefine Europe’s geopolitical, geo-economic and energy role in the world