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Progressives-3

Progressives-3. Domestic 1876-1916. Amendment 18. Temperance: major issue before the Civil War Back in 1870’s Women and Protestant ministers WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) By 1879 militant under Francis Willard 1911 had 245,000 members . Prohibition continued.

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Progressives-3

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  1. Progressives-3 Domestic 1876-1916

  2. Amendment 18 • Temperance: major issue before the Civil War • Back in 1870’s • Women and Protestant ministers • WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) • By 1879 militant under Francis Willard • 1911 had 245,000 members

  3. Prohibition continued • 1893 Anti-Saloon League joined WCTU • Publicized problems: poverty, violence, unemployment • Opposition from immigrants, Catholics, working class, distillers (who also worked against women’s suffrage)

  4. Carrie Nation

  5. 1917 Lever Act • Outlawed the use of grain to make alcoholic beverages • Due to war rationing • Consumption of alcohol increasing in some areas • By 1914, more than ¼ states were dry

  6. 1919 18th Amendment • Went into effect 1920 • Prohibited the manufacture, sale and transport of alcoholic beverages • WWI guilt • Big business and absenteeism • Not illegal to stockpile and drink it • W.C. Fields

  7. The Volstead Act • Defined alcohol as any beverage having more than ½ of 1% alcohol • Also enforcement statute • Addicts: Wood alcohol, etc. went blind • Pot stills • Bathtub gin • Rum Runners

  8. Prohibition and Organized Crime • Popular Nullification: Speakeasies, blind pigs, Rum Runners Grosse Pointe Basements and tunnels The Great Gatsby • Organized Crime: The Untouchables • Elliot Ness, Baby Face Nelson, Purple Gang, Al Capone

  9. Prohibition continued • Production of sacramental wine in Church • Cough syrups • Repealed by Amendment 21 (Depression)

  10. Women’s Suffrage • No backing from Wilson • Said it was up to the states • When he stroked out in second term, his wife ran the Whitehouse! • Women’s efforts for the vote was hurt by efforts for Prohibition • Whiskey distillers, etc. worked against Women’s Suffrage

  11. Women’s Suffrage continued • 1910 Washington gave women the vote • First state in 14 years • By 1914, 6 more states • NWSA and AWSA: 20 year rift over 15th Amendment • Reunited and became NAWSA

  12. Women’s Suffrage continued • Alice Paul and the Congressional Union • Brought militancy to the movement • England had just given women the vote • Chaining themselves to fences • Refused to eat in jail, force fed • Wilson was embarrassed • By 1919 39 states had given women the vote

  13. Women’s Suffrage continued • Wilson gave up • Recommended it as a reward for work done in the war effort • 1920 19th Amendment • 1918 Jeanette Rankin (Montana) first woman in Congress. Voted against going to war in WwI and WWII

  14. More about Women • Since Civil War: teachers and Nurses • 1900: 5% of all U.S. doctors were women • 1960: No change • 1909 ILGWU: Triangle Shirtwaist Co fire 1911 • New York City 146 killed • Much public sympathy= new laws and support

  15. More about Women • By 1916 ¾ states had accident insurance laws • Social Feminists: • Jane Addams…Hull House (Chicago) • Lillian Wald…Henry Street Settlement (NYC) • Margaret Sanger…Planned Parenthood • 1915 National Birth Control League

  16. More about Women • Women’s Clubs, Reformers, etc • Charlotte Gilman Women and Economics

  17. Remember • Racial issues: • Booker T. Washington and Atlanta Compromise • WEB DuBois and Niagara Movement • 1909 NAACP • Progressives did not address racial issues KKK will bloom again in the 20’s

  18. Books • VeblenTheory of the Leisure Class: advocated economic management by economic engineers • Mary Baker Eddy 1879 Christian Scientist Science and Health: disease is caused by the mind alone

  19. More Books • 1885 Reverend Josiah Strong Our Country: The Uncle Tom’s Cabin of the Social Gospel movement • Washington Gladden Applied Christianity • 1878 Salvation Army in England (Booth) Invaded America by 1879

  20. The End of the Progressives • Big increase in Catholic population: 1870 6 million 1890 10 million Due to immigration from S. and E. Europe Education: Child Centered Progressive Dewey Not so much in the South Especially Black children

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