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Internet and the web Summary of terms discusses and review

This article provides a summary and review of the terms related to the Internet and the World Wide Web, including the history, protocols, browsers, servers, domain names, DNS, and scripting languages.

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Internet and the web Summary of terms discusses and review

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  1. Internet and the webSummary of terms discusses and review

  2. The Internet, 1969 by ARPAnet • The Internet was founded, by a US military network called: ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency network.) • The Internet is a worldwide network of networks. • One computer network consists of millions of computers that are physically connected together using wires, telephone lines and other media. • It is many smaller networks connected together forming one large network called the Internet • TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the software/ protocol that is used to connect computers together

  3. World Wide Web (WWW) Invented by Tim Berners-Lee CERN, 1989 • The World Wide Web (now referred to as the web or WWW) • The web is one of the Internet services • Using the Web, you have access to millions of pages of information (video, text, music, images). • The pages on the web are connected together by hypertext or links • Web "surfing” or “browsing” is done with a Web browser • The most popular of which are Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer (I.E.)

  4. Web BrowsersMosaic, Netscape, and Internet Explorer (I.E.) • A browser is an application program or software that provides a way to browse and interact with information on the World Wide Web. • Lynx: is the first web browser (only text) created in 1989 • Mosaic (1992) is the first graphical Web browser which allowed you to view multimedia files (music, video, and graphical files) on the Web • Netscape in 1994 • I.E. in 1995

  5. Web Servers and browsers • Browser (is the client): the browser is a piece of software thatrequests documents from the server • Server is software that allows a computer connected to the Internet to: • store documents (text, images, video, sound files.. Etc..) • delivers or sends back these documents to the browser • Both the browser and the server understand the HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol) protocol and use it to communicate together

  6. Protocols(software /code/set of rules/regulations) PPP: (Point to Point Protocol) used to connect a Personal computer to the Internet via modem SMTP: (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) used to send (route) e-mail over the Internet FTP: (File transfer protocol) used when transferring files on the Internet FUGU: is an application (not a protocol)used on the Mac to transfer files to and from a local computer to a remote computer WINSCP: is an application(not a protocol) used on the PC to transfer files between computers connected to the internet HTTP: (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). A protocol for the web used to communicate between servers and browsers. It’s a set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other files) on the World Wide Web.

  7. Host & IP address • Host: On the Internet, the term "host" means any computer that has full two-way access to other computers on the Internet. A host has a specific "local or host number" that, together with the network number, forms its unique IP(Internet Protocol) address. • www.nyu.edu is the host which should corresponds to 128.122.108.9 ip address

  8. URL: Uniform Resource Locator) • A URL is web address • the address of a file or a web page on the web • The URL for this class : • http://cs.nyu.edu/

  9. Domain name: is part of a URL or a web address. It’s the part that identifies the institution or • A domain name locates an organization or other entity on the Internet. It is usually the organization or company’s trademark. • Every company or organization has to apply for its unique domain name and it has to be approved by ICANN (International NON-Profit group that administers the domain-name system) or other private companies such as register.com. The cost can range from $9 to $30 per year • What is the domain name and top level domain name for the following web address: • http://cs.nyu.edu/ • Domain name is: “nyu.edu” • Top level domain name from above is “edu” • Top level domain name can be: • .com (company or commercial) • .gov (government) • .mil (Military) • .org (non profit organization) • .edu.fr (including suffixes identifying countries) • .com.af (company in Africa) • .com.br (company in Brazil

  10. DNS: Domain Name System • A centralized database lists domain names and IP addresses which are distributed throughout the Internet. • There is probably a DNS server within close geographic proximity to your access provider that maps the domain names in your Internet requests or forwards them to other servers in the Internet.

  11. JavaScript & JAVA, 1995 • JavaScript, created by Netscape, a very popular scripting language for the web • Java, created by SUN in 1995. An object oriented language, Allows for real-time interactivity (chat) and creating powerful applications on the web and also independent of the web

  12. (ISP) Internet Service Providers • With an affordable modem, people could connect to the Internet and browse the web using commercial online services such as: • AOL, Earthlink, AT&T.

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