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Wave Behaviors: Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, Interference, Standing Wave

Explore the different manners in which waves behave when they come in contact with matter or other waves. Learn about reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and standing waves.

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Wave Behaviors: Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, Interference, Standing Wave

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  1. Wave BehaviorsWe will discuss different manners in which a wave can behave when it comes in contact with matter or other waves!

  2. 1. Reflection • REFLECTION – occurs when a wave strikes an object or surface and bounces off • Examples – mirrors, seeing colors • All types of waves – SOUND, WATER, and LIGHT can be reflected • ECHO – when a sound wave hits another object which reflects it back to you

  3. 1. Reflection • INCIDENT BEAM – the beam striking a reflective object • REFLECTED BEAM – the beam that bounces off a reflective object • NORMAL – line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the reflective object • ANGLE OF INCIDENCE (i) –angle formed by the incidence beam and normal

  4. 1. Reflection • ANGLE OF REFLECTION (r) – angle formed by the reflected beam and normal • LAW OF REFLECTION – the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

  5. 1. Reflection

  6. 1. Reflection

  7. 2. Refraction • REFRACTION – the bending of a wave (changes direction) caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another. The GREATER the change in speed, the MORE the wave bends. • Examples: eye glasses, contact lenses, microscopes, sparkle of a diamond, prism hanging in a window

  8. 2. Refraction

  9. 3. Diffraction • DIFFRACTION – object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it • Examples: ______ waves change direction when they bend around islands (water waves bending), _________ someone from around a corner (sound waves bending)

  10. Refraction vs. Diffraction • A. Both cause waves to BEND • B. Refraction occurs when waves pass THROUGH an object • C. Diffraction occurs when waves pass AROUND an object

  11. 3. Diffraction

  12. 4. Interference • INTERFERENCE – the ability of two or more waves to combine and form a new wave when they overlap • This new wave exists only while the two original waves continue to OVERLAP

  13. 4. Interference • A) CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE – waves added together as they overlap • A. CRESTS of two waves arrive at the same place at the same time • B. Amplitude of new wave is equal to the SUM of the amplitudes of the original wave

  14. 4. Interference

  15. 4. Interference

  16. 4. Interference • B) Destructive interference – waves subtract from each other as they overlap • A. Crest of one wave meets TROUGH of the other wave • The amplitude of new wave equal to the DIFFERENCE between the amplitudes of the waves that overlapped

  17. 4. Interference

  18. 5. Standing Wave • STANDING WAVE – special type of wave pattern that forms when waves are equal in wavelength and amplitude but travel in opposite directions continuously interfering with each other • Ex: string of a violin is played with a bow, it vibrates and creates standing waves in the string to create a rich tone

  19. 5. Standing Wave

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