Download
1 / 31
310 likes | 335 Views
Dive into the language of chemistry by learning how to name monatomic ions and transition metal ions. Explore cations and anions, their charges, and naming conventions. Enhance your knowledge of polyatomic ions and their significance in health and agriculture.
E N D
9.1 Naming Ions • A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Monatomic Ions • How are the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions related to their positions in the periodic table?
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Monatomic ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Cations • When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • The names of the cations of the Group 1A, Group 2A, and Group 3A metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • These elements have ionic charges that can be obtained from their group numbers.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Anions • The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the group number. • Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • These Group A elements form anions.
9.1 Monatomic Ions
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Ions of Transition Metals • How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined?
9.1 Monatomic Ions • The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • These colorful solutions contain the transition metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Many transition metal compounds are colored and can be used as pigments.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals. • The Stock system • The classical method
9.1 Monatomic Ions • In the Stock system, a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge.
9.1 Monatomic Ions • In an older, less useful method, the classical name of the element is used to form the root name for the element.
9.1 Monatomic Ions
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions • What are the two endings of the names of most polyatomic ions?
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions.
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom. • The names of most polyatomic anions end in -ite or -ate.
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Names and Formulas of Some Common Polyatomic Ions
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach.
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • HCO3–, HPO42–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood are critical for your health.
9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions.
9.1 Section Quiz. • 9.1.
9.1 Section Quiz. • 1. When metals from groups 1A, 2A, and 3A form cations, the charge on the ion is equal to • the group number minus 8. • 8 minus the group number. • the period number. • the group number.
