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Blood vessels: Plumbing of the people

Blood vessels: Plumbing of the people. Chapter 20 A&P. Types of Blood Vessels. Artery  Arteriole  Capillary  Venules  Veins Stretch out for 100,000 km or 60,000 miles!. Structure of Blood Vessel. Consists of three layers:

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Blood vessels: Plumbing of the people

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  1. Blood vessels: Plumbing of the people Chapter 20 A&P

  2. Types of Blood Vessels ArteryArterioleCapillaryVenulesVeins • Stretch out for 100,000 km or 60,000 miles!

  3. Structure of Blood Vessel Consists of three layers: • Tunica adventitia/externa- “coming from outside”; outermost layer; fibrous connective tissue; prevents tearing • Tunica media- “middle coat”; smooth muscle tissue and elastic tissue; change b.v. diameter • Tunica intima/interna- “innermost coat”; endothelium tissue; smooth lining; helps make up semilunar valves in veins

  4. Lumen – central blood-containing space • Arteries  distribute; use precapillary sphincters to regulate flow • Capillaries  transport essential materials to and from cells by diffusion • Veins  collect; use capacitance or stretch to catch all blood; sinuses- reservoirs of blood

  5. Blood vessel structure

  6. Arteries: Close Up

  7. Blood pressure: Hydrostatic force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel 1.Arterial blood pressure- highest; from cardiac output (heart rate & contractions) and peripheral resistance (blood viscosity & diameter of arterioles) 2.Capillary blood pressure- lowest; thin walls for diffusion and filtration 3. Venous blood pressure- medium; from pressure gradient of skeletal muscle contractions & total blood volume

  8. Nervous Control of CV System

  9. Circulation Routes: 1. Systemic- WHOLE BODY; blood flow from left ventricle to all parts of body and back to right atrium 2.Pulmonary- LUNGS; blood flow from right ventricle to lungs, get O2, release CO2, and go back to left atrium 3.Hepatic Portal- DIGESTION; blood flow from digestive organs into liver 1st through hepatic portal vein blood leaves liver through hepatic vein into inferior vena cava. Liver can remove excess glucose and store it as glycogen; also it can detoxify blood (alcohol). 4.Fetal- FETUS; gets O2 and food through diffusion from mother’s blood and receives it from placenta through umbilical arteries and veins; ductus venosus allows blood to by-pass fetal liver; also by-passes lungs; foramen ovale opens from right atrium into left atrium in septum; ductus arteriosus lets blood enter aorta from pulmonary artery; No maternal blood actually mixes with the fetus. After birth, lungs function and extra vessels are not needed.

  10. Circulation Routes 1. Systemic- WHOLE BODY; blood flow from left ventricle to all parts of body and back to right atrium

  11. Circulation Routes 2.Pulmonary- LUNGS; blood flow from right ventricle to lungs, get O2, release CO2, and go back to left atrium

  12. Circulation Routes 3.Hepatic Portal-DIGESTION • blood flow from digestive organs into liver 1st through hepatic portal vein blood leaves liver through hepatic vein into inferior vena cava. • Liver can remove excess glucose and store it as glycogen; also it can detoxify blood (alcohol).

  13. Circulation Routes 4.Fetal- FETUS • gets O2 and food through diffusion from mother’s blood and receives it from placenta through umbilical arteries and veins • ductus venosus allows blood to by-pass fetal liver; also by-passes lungs • foramen ovale opens from right atrium into left atrium in septum • ductus arteriosus lets blood enter aorta from pulmonary artery • No maternal blood actually mixes with the fetus • After birth, lungs function and extra vessels are not needed.

  14. VI. Blood vessels of the body The aorta branches into 3 main arteries: • Brachiocephalic • Subclavian • Carotid

  15. Arterial System

  16. Venous System

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