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MENTAL-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

MENTAL-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT. The basic science of pediatrics is GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT An informal assesment of the neurodevelopmental status of infants and children should be a routine part of each encounter The term growth and development refers to the

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MENTAL-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

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  1. MENTAL-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

  2. The basic science of pediatrics is GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT An informal assesment of the neurodevelopmental status of infants and children should be a routine part of each encounter The term growth and development refers to the process by which the fertilized ovum becomes an adult person

  3. GROWTH:changes in size of the body as a whole or of its individual parts DEVELOPMENT:differentiation,changes of function PHYSICAL GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT:range from those at the moleculer level such as the activation of enzymes in the course of differentiation to the complex interplay of metabolic and physical changes

  4. Neurodevelomental processes:acquisition of basic gross and fine motor skills,depend to maturation of neural structures modified by the environment and by the experience Cognitive growth and development:depends on genetic and enviromental factors Psyhosocial development A careful evaluation of a child’s developmental milestones usually determines the presence of global delay in language,gross and fine motor or social skills,delay in a particular subset of development

  5. NEWBORN:Neurodevelopment depends on the level of the maturity. The quality of the behaviour is highly dependent on the behavioral state or the level of arousal of the infant 1.deep sleep 2.sleep with REM 3.drowsy state 4.a quiet alert state- best time to determine the neurodevolopment within the first hour or two after normal delivery 5.an awake and active state 6.a state of active intense crying

  6. 1.interactive processes-orientation,alertness, 2.motor processes-muscular tone, motor maturity defensive reactions, hand to mouth activity 3.control of physiologic state- habituation to a bright light self quieting behaivour 4.response to stress-lability of skin color,startle reac

  7. Hearing is well developed at birth,speech sounds are preferred within the first weeks of life Learning to recognize the mother’s voice Smell is well developed at birth. By the first week breast fed infants recognize the smell of the mother Preferring sweet tastes,bright colors

  8. FIRST THREE MONTHS The newborn prone on a firm surface is able to avoid suffocation by turning the face from side to side By 4 weeks-the head is lifted above the surface Symmetric flexed posture has become more relaxed and the infant lie supine in ATONIC NECK POSTURE head turned to one side with the extremities extended on that side

  9. Held in ventral newborn will be in a posture of flexion of head and extremities around the supporting hand 1months of age will raise the head to the plane of the body 2 months sustain the head in that plane, 3 months the head will be raised above the plane of the body

  10. By 8 weeks a supine infant will be able to follow an object presented 90º from the midline through an arc of 180º By 12 weeks –make contact with an offered object By 4 wk-make small throaty noise 8 wk-vowel sounds are produced 12 wk-pleasure on social contact By 2-6 wk-more comfortable with familiar persons 3-5 wk-social smile become manifest

  11. 3-6 MONTHS In the prone position on a firm surface is generally able to raise the head and chest with the arms extended The head can be maintened erect 5-6 months-roll over from the prone to the supine then in the reverse direction 4-5 months-enjoys being supported in an upright posture

  12. 6 months-able to change the orientation of the entire body to reach out toward a desired object With growing skills in manipulation of the arms and hands infants discover the rest of their body,the face at first,the head,trunk,lower extremities,genitalia

  13. At 5-6 months can often be pulled from a sitting to a standing position. Able to sit with slight support of the pelvis By 4 months-begin to laugh aloud at pleasurable social contacts,can show displeasure by changes of expression/crying At the end of 6 months-begin to show anxiety at the approach of strangers

  14. 6-12 MONTHS By 9-10 months-most infants have learned to creep and crawl 8-9 months-able to assume a sitting position without help At 8 months-stand steadily for a short time as long as their hands are held 9 months-able to take some steps with both hands held

  15. Between 6-9 months-radial-palmar grasp becomes clearly elaborated into movements involving the thumb and forefinger At 9 months-can wave bye-bye,bring the hands together 12 months-may enter into simple games with a toy

  16. By 7-8 months-make repetitive sound such as ba-ba ma-ma,da-da 8-9 months-become attentive to the sound of their names At 1 year-they may show by their behaivor that they know the names of some objects

  17. 2nd YEAR By 12 months-able to rise independently and walk a few steps alone 18 months-able to run stiffly can climb the stairs if one hand held 20 months-able to go downstairs,one hand held 15 months-put a pellet in to a small bottle 18 months-able to dump it from the bottle

  18. By 15 months-put a 1 cube on top of the other 18 months-make a tower of four cubes 24 months-make a tower of seven cubes During the second year-theycan empty waste baskets,shelves and may try to examine

  19. By 18 months-has a vocabulary of 10 words By the second birthday-put three words together 18-24 months-verbalize toilet needs

  20. PRESCHOOL YEARS By 3 years-alternation of feet in ascending stairs 4 years-alternation of feet in descending stairs By 3 years-can stand for short period on one foot By 5 years-generally able to hop on one foot

  21. By 3 years-the child can respond to the request to draw a person. The first figures consist of a circular head with arms and legs attached as sticks During the next years the child adds the trunk,two dimensional extremities and other anatomical detail,clothing

  22. During the third year-the child puts short sentences together to sustain a brief conversation the fourth year-longer sentences and conversations are produced By the fifth year-language is used in social functions such as role playing

  23. STANDARDIZED SCREENING TESTS Quick test Raxer matrices Thorpe developmental inventory Denver developmental screening test

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