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IR THEORY IR 5001

IR THEORY IR 5001. Iconic images of world politics battlefields, soldiers, guns, F-16s Veiled women, ‘burqa’ War on Terror Taliban’s oppression of women War on Terror, in part, a war on behalf of women and children . Social Imaginary Rescue of women and children ‘other’

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IR THEORY IR 5001

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  1. IR THEORYIR 5001

  2. Iconic images of world politics • battlefields, soldiers, guns, F-16s • Veiled women, ‘burqa’ • War on Terror • Taliban’s oppression of women • War on Terror, in part, a war on behalf of women and children

  3. Social Imaginary • Rescue of women and children ‘other’ • Masculine national state (US) pastoral, paternal • Against, Islamic ‘terrorist,’ feminized other • War imagery of enemy • Masculine self/feminized other • Foreign Policy, War, Security, Power, • Nation/State

  4. GENDER / IR • Gendering theory • What is gender? biology? social construct masculinity/femininity performativity language/discourse Inequality Hierarchy Power

  5. What is theory? • Ontology (in)visibility) what we see • Epistemology – claims to know – how we know • Methodology • Axiology? (secularization of knowledge claims)

  6. Gender and IR theory and practice • Objectivity • Rationality • Power – territorial, sovereign • War/conflict • Accumulation • Citizen/humanity • Male knowledge = human knowledge, universal

  7. Distinctions • Warrior/Beautiful Soul • Public/Private • State/Household • Citizens/Men • Classical theory (Rousseau, Hegel, Marx) • Paid work/unpaid labour • Everyday

  8. Patriarchy (rule of father) • Feminist theory • Ungendering theory • Feminist empiricism (including excluded groups) • Standpoint feminism (difference, experience, values) • Postmodern feminism • Postcolonial feminism

  9. Feminism • First Wave 19th and early 20the centuries (suffragist movements, representation) • Second Wave in the 1960s and 70s ‘personal as political’, economic and cultural inequalities • Third Wave 1990s post-structural critique of enlightenment thought, autonomy, rationality, subjectivity

  10. Liberal Feminists • Assumption men and women are equal • Women under-represented • Participation in global politics • Diplomats, military, business, • Access to power • Equal representation

  11. Standpoint Feminism • Essentialism • Male – conflict, war, power • Female – peace, cooperation, fairness • Values • Post-Positivist Feminism • Discourse, performance, unstable not fixed (no single cause of subordination)

  12. Cynthia Enloe: Where are the women • Diplomats wives workers, army bases, sex workers • Ann Tickner : Realism biased to male lived experience (Hans Morgenthau) • Objectivity (culturally defined) • National interest (many sided) • Power as domination? • Politics and morality not distinct • Moral elements • Political realm is not autonomous

  13. Postmodern feminism • Anti essentialist, discourse, language, web of meanings • Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Irigaray • Role of other (hospitality, accountability, empathy, cooperation, affinity) • Gender one node of subjectification, capillary form of power

  14. Postcolonial Feminist IR • Postcolonial feminist IR • Spivak, Mohanty, Bhaba, Said, • ‘The subaltern cannot speak’ • Normalization of white, western, middle class woman as site of feminist struggles • Universalization of feminist theory from western location • Ethnocentric • Internal racism, classism, homophobia

  15. Autonomy, subjectivity, modernity implicit starting point of liberal and radical feminism • Colonial modernity – governmentality • Disciplining of women central to stabilization of colonial conduct of conduct • Women-nation-anti-colonial struggle • Double marginalization (state/nation/labor)

  16. Gender and Power • Territorial/sovereign • Micro-politics • Capillary forms – subjectification • Normalization • Not autonomous but constituted in web of meanings (knowledge) • Resistance

  17. Gender and State • Historical formation of the state • Women in state formation • Revolutionary struggles • Reproductive work of making citizens • Welfare/family • RBJ Walker’s critique – state sovereignty subsumes all difference (race, class, gender) real work of gender/IR to undo principle of state sovereignty

  18. RBJ Walker :Women’s time and women’s place • Modernity/home • Fusion of gender into unitary political identity (state) • Difficulty of location a place from which to speak – all such places socially and historically constructed • Politics of forgetting • Modernity – valorizes the “merely domestic, reproductive nurturing, passive voice of women”

  19. Women and ‘Development’ • Women and ‘Development’ • Modernization theory/difference • Backwardness/lack/absence • Third World Women • Capitalism and Gender • Productive/Unproductive labor • Women as container of backwardness

  20. Globalization and Gender • Global Commodity Chain (IPE- Gary Gerrefi) • Global Care Chain ( Arlie Hochschild maids, nannies, nurses in global division of labor) • Women and flexible accumulation • Structures of Neo-colonial global capitalism

  21. Gendered global division of labor • Service • Peripheral and flexible work force • Feminization of global work force • Security-Human Security-Insecurity Studies • ‘Globalization of mothering’

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