The Creation of Civilization

1. The Creation of Civilization What obstacles had to be overcome in order for civilizations to take root?

2. How responsible are you for the food you eat each day? • Do this on Page 24 ISN – 9/11 Early Humans (Include the Date and Title) • In your ISN list any meal you had yesterday. • How responsible were you for its preparation? Record your answers • Did you grow it or raise it? Milk it or harvest it? Clean and cook it? Full sentences, not just yes or no. • Describe exactly what you did to obtain and prepare the meal. If you were not 100% responsible, explain how that meal got to you. • Draw a cartoon describing your participation in obtaining and preparing your meal. Color is important– BUT ONLY COLORED PENCILS please.

3. Create Foldable for Pg. 25 Please staple along the fold and trim to 15 cm wide. Use your ruler. Number the pages in your foldable 1, 2, 3, 4 in lower right hand corner. Divide pages 1, 2, and 3 in half by cutting vertically up the middle of the book. See example next slide

4. Create Foldable for Pg. 25 Staple top (2 only and tape to Page 25 of you ISN Definition & Time Definition & Time Number the pages in your foldable 1, 2, 3, 4 in lower right hand corner. Paleolithic Neolithic Divide pages 1, 2, and 3 in half by cutting vertically up the middle of the book. See example next slide Description Hunter/Gatherers’ Lives Label your pages using the drawing as a model. Take notes under the tabs as you go through the presentation.

5. Label Page 25 • Label page 24 • 9/11 • Early Humans – Where did dinner come from? • Label page 25 • 9/11 • Paleolithic/Neolithic Comparison

6. Paleolithic or Old Stone Age • the earliest known periods of human culture, characterized by the use of stone implements • of or relating to the cultural period of the Stone Age beginning with the earliest chipped stone tools, about 750,000 years ago, until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years B.C.

7. 750,000BC to about 8500 BC • Chipped stone tools to end of last ice age

8. Paleolithic • The Paleolithic is also called The Stone Age. Hunters and Gatherers • For 2.5 million years humans lived nomadiclives of hunters and gatherers. • This era was one of continuous scarcity. • All human energy was devoted to daily securing enough food to survive. • All members of the community had to be involved in this all-consuming task.

9. Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers Adapt to Environments • Early humans were hunter-gatherers • Nomads– people who move from place to place • hunted animals, gathered plants for food • moved to a new location when food ran out • Depended on natural environment for shelter • lived in caves and shelters made of rocks, branches, animal skins SMALL BANDS • Lived in small bands of about 30 people • Groups included several families • group size reflected how many people could live off food in region • Men hunted, fished • Women gathered nuts, berries; cared for children • children also worked

10. Early Humans on the Move • Hunter-gatherers were nomads—people who moved from place to place • Groups returned to the same places with the changes of seasons • bands joined together at certain times of year, formed communities • Moved to new, distant lands while following animals to hunt • migration—moving from one place to settle in another • By 15,000 B.C., hunter-gatherers had migrated through much of world • crossed land bridge between Siberia and Alaska, entering Americas • Migrating groups entered territory of other groups • groups shared knowledge, tools • sometimes caused violent conflicts if groups feared each other

11. The Use of Fire • Early humans made and controlled fire around 500,000 years ago • Fireprovided heat and light, cooked food • also protected from animals, tempered metal tools • Fire also allowed humans to survive ice ages– long periods of extreme cold • 100,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C. thick ice sheets covered parts of Europe, Asia, and North America • The Development of Technology • Technology—the way knowledge, tools, inventions are applied to meet needs • Stone tools for cutting were made at least 2 million years ago • other tools included axes, bags, awls, drills • Later complex tools included bows, flint spearheads, metal tools • Tools were used to hunt and butcher animals, build simple shelters • Technology helped humans control environment, led to settled lives Paleolithic

12. Neolithic or New Stone Age • The Neolithic Age began about 8500 B.C. and ended between 4500 B.C. and 2000 B.C. depending on what part of the world you were in. It dramatically changed the way that early humans lived. Two important factors began the Neolithic Revolution: • the development of agriculture called the Agricultural Revolution • the domestication of animals and plants • These two changes allowed people to stay in one spot instead of wandering from place to place following their main food source (animals). Somehow Neolithic people learned how to plant and raise crops and keep and raise livestock for food. Now people were put in the situation of living together permanently and as a result much cooperation was needed for survival and civilizations started to arise.

13. Neolithic or New Stone Age Domestication • To tame animals and plants for human use • Animals – provided meat, milk, and wool, carried goods, pulled carts, • Plants – grains and vegetables allowed people to settle in one place, provided food and fiber • Agricultural Revolution or Agrarian Revolution • These changes led to some of the most important developments in human history • Farming developed in many different parts of the world at about the same time • People began to stay in permanent villages • With the increased amount of food and time people began to… • Build mud-brick houses, places of worship, work at specialized jobs, and create new tools using bronze and copper

14. Neolithic Villages/Cities Jericho CatalHuyuk

15. Job Specialization Agricultural Revolution

16. NovaIceman Murder http://video.pbs.org/video/2159408847/ The Oldest Human Mummy

17. Problems Ancient People Needed to Overcome to Create Civilizations • a stable source of food that would generate a surplus • cooperation to control the flooding of rivers • an ability to accurately record food supplied to them • a way to communicate non-verbally • a need for people to feel an attachment to the civilization • the ability to introduce new ways of thinking and doing things

18. Get Ready for Ancient History Activators - Our next 6 activities

19. Get Ready for Ancient History Activators - Our next 6 activities

20. Get Ready for Ancient History Activators - Our next 6 activities

21. The Agricultural Revolution: Crash Course #1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I

22. Vocabulary you will need to know • Paleolithic • Neolithic • hunter-gatherer • agrarian • agriculture • nomad • nomadic • civilization • domestication • artisan • scarcity • Agricultural Revolution • productivity • prehistory • artifact