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I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response

I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War IV. Colonial Rule in Africa V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle. I. European Conquest of Africa

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I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response

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  1. I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War IV. Colonial Rule in Africa V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. European Conquest of Africa • A. Belgium • King Leopold II • 1876, International African Association • Henry Stanley (1841-1904) • B. Germany • Otto von Bismarck • from 1884: 4 colonies • C. France • east from Senegal • D. British • Egypt • Fashoda Incident, 1898 • near Khartoum • H. H. Kitchener • South Africa • Witwatersrand gold

  3. II. European Technology and the African Response • A. Resistance • Samori Touré (c.1830-1900) • > Mandinke kingdom • exiled, 1898 • Sudan • Muhammad Ahmad (1844-84) • “Mahdi,” 1881 • 1884, siege of Khartoum • Rhodesia • Charwe • v. British South Africa Company • Spirit mediums • Ambuya Nehanda, Kagubi • executed, 1898 • Ethiopia • Yohannes IV • replaced by Menelik (1844-1913) • emperor, 1889 • Addis Ababa • 1889, Treaty of Wuchale, Italy • Italian and Amharic versions

  4. III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War • A. Discoveries • 1867, diamonds • 1886, gold, Witwatersrand • Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) • Barney Barnato (1852-97) • B. Immigration • uitlanders • Paul Kruger (1825-1904) • Rhodes and uitlanders • invasion of Transvaal • Anglo-Boer war, 1899-1902 Southern Africa, c. 1914

  5. D. Christianity and Islam • Ethiopia • 1892, Mangena Mokone • > Ethiopian Church • John Chilembwe • Nyasaland • 1915, uprising • model, John Brown • Spirit Churches • Aladura churches, Nigeria • Mali, Shaykh Hamallah (1883-1943) • Tariqa (brotherhoods) • Sufi • Senegal, Mourides brotherhood • Shaykh Ahmand Bamba (1850- 1927) • Shadhiliya • IV. Colonial Rule in Africa • A. Varieties • British • indirect • “Warrant chiefs” • French • assimilation • Portuguese • assimilados, indigenas • B. Economy • plantations v. cash crops • “Red Rubber” • C. Social and Religious Change • Football clubs • Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe • ‘Zik’ Athletic clubs

  6. IV. Colonial Rule in Africa • E. New Britains: Kenya and Rhodes • Kenya • Kikuyu > “squatters” • Rhodesia • Land Apportionment Act of 1930 • F. White Exploitation in the Union of • South Africa • Prime Ministers (Afrikaners) • Louis Botha (1863-1919) • Jan Smuts (1870-1950) • J. B. M. Hertzog (1866-1942) • 1925, Afrikaans official

  7. V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned • A. Challenges • Ayan (regional governors) • Janissaries • Russia • 1774, Kuchuk Kaynarca • B. Ottoman Reform • Sultan Selim III (1789-1806) • Janissary resistance • Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39) • French language • Prussian, French military • C. Challenging Ottoman Sovereignty • in Europe • Nationalism > separatists • 1830, Serbia • Greece • Crimean War (1854-56)

  8. G. North Africa West of Egypt • Morocco, Filali Dynasty • Didi Muhammad (1757-90) U.S. concessions, 1786 • French, 1912 • Algiers 1830, Charles X invades • Tunis 1881, French protectorate • H. Young Ottomans • Tanzimat, 1839-76 • Sultan Abdulaziz, deposed, 1876 • Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) • I. Young Turks • 1889 — Committee for Union and Progress • 1908 — Young Turks • V. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned • D. Egypt: Muhammad Ali • Muhammad Ali • Ottoman commander • 1801, French leave • opposition • Mamluks • Wahhabis • E. The Suez Canal • 1854, Said • Ferdinand de Lesseps • 1869, opening • Egyptian debt • > British takeover, 1882 • F. Dinshaway Incident, 1906 • Lord Cromer

  9. VI. Persia and the Great Power Struggle • A. Qajar Rule and the Tobacco Rebellion • from 1794, Qajar rule • Nasir al-Din Shah (1848-96) • British monopoly on tobacco • Shi’ite ulama opposed • > 1891, Tobacco rebellion • B. The Persian Constitutional Revolution • 1905, strikes, demonstrations, massacres • Constituent National Assembly • 1906, Muhammad Ali Shah (1907-09) • > civil war • 1909, Muhammad Ali Shat deposed • C. The Great Power Struggle for the East • Afghanistan • 1881-1901 Amir Abdur Rahman • 1907, Anglo-Russian Entente

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