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Cell Biology

Cell Biology. Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope. Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells. Schleiden and Schwann. Cell Biology Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells ( eubacteria and archaea ) - no nucleus - no organelles - binary fission - small (0.2 – 2.0 um).

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Cell Biology

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  1. Cell Biology Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells Schleiden and Schwann

  2. Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • (eubacteria and archaea) • - no nucleus • - no organelles • - binary fission • - small (0.2 – 2.0 um)

  3. Staphyloccocus aureus biofilm • Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • - biofilms

  4. Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • 2. Eukaryotic Cells • (protists, plants, • fungi, animals) • - nucleus • - organelles • - mitosis • - larger (10-100 um)

  5. Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • 2. Eukaryotic Cells • B. How Cells Live • - take stuff in

  6. Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • 2. Eukaryotic Cells • B. How Cells Live • - take stuff in • - break it down and • harvest energy • (enzymes needed) mitochondria ADP +P ATP

  7. Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • 2. Eukaryotic Cells • B. How Cells Live • - take stuff in • - break it down and • harvest energy • (enzymes needed) • and • - transform radiant energy • to chemical energy mitochondria chloroplast ADP +P ADP +P ATP ATP

  8. Cell Biology • Overview • A. Types of Cells • 1. Prokaryotic Cells • 2. Eukaryotic Cells • B. How Cells Live • - take stuff in • - break it down and • harvest energy • (enzymes needed) • - use energy to make stuff • (like enzymes and other proteins, • and lipids, polysaccharides, and • nucleic acids) • - DNA determines sequence of amino acids in enzymes and other proteins ADP +P ATP ribosome

  9. ADP +P ATP ribosome

  10. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • 1. phospholipids

  11. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • 2. proteins and carbohydrates

  12. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier Aqueous Solution (outside cell) dissolved ions dissolved polar molecules suspended non-polar (lipid soluble) Aqueous Solution (inside cell) dissolved ions dissolved polar molecules suspended non-polar (lipid soluble)

  13. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport Net diffusion Net diffusion equilibrium

  14. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport - diffusion Net diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium Equilibrium Net diffusion Net diffusion Net diffusion Net diffusion equilibrium

  15. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport - osmosis

  16. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport – facilitated diffusion

  17. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport – active transport

  18. Phosphorylation causes the protein to change its conformation, expelling Na+ to the outside. Na+ binding stimulates phosphorylation by ATP. Cytoplasmic Na+ bonds to the sodium-potassium pump K+ is released and Na+ sites are receptive again; the cycle repeats. Loss of the phosphate restores the protein’s original conformation. Extracellular K+ binds to the protein, triggering release of the phosphate group.

  19. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport • 3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane) • 4. signal transduction

  20. Cell Biology • Overview • II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells • A. Membrane Structure • B. Membrane Function • 1. semi-permeable barrier • 2. transport • 3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane) • 4. signal transduction • 5. cell-cell binding • 6. cell recognition • 7. cytoskeleton attachment

  21. Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. 6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water potential and osmosis.

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