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RUSSIA AND GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATION COMPETITION

RUSSIA AND GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATION COMPETITION. Harley Balzer balzerh@georgetown.edu Georgetown University ACTR/ACCELS, April 13, 2011. Outline. The Global Competition Russia’s Standing The Problems Recommendations. Global Competition: (human & financial resources, status).

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RUSSIA AND GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATION COMPETITION

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  1. RUSSIA AND GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATION COMPETITION Harley Balzer balzerh@georgetown.edu Georgetown University ACTR/ACCELS, April 13, 2011

  2. Outline • The Global Competition • Russia’s Standing • The Problems • Recommendations H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  3. Global Competition:(human & financial resources, status) • For students (both bodies and brains) • For faculty (teachers and researchers; stars) • For managers (education, research, development) • For status = RATINGS GAME • For financial support (state and private) CIRCULATION KEY = INCREASES COMPETITION H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  4. Russia and China • Paired comparison • China modeled economic and political systems on USSR. • China now doing better in both economic and political realms. • And in Education and S&T H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  5. Output Growth (% change) RussiaChina 2008 5.6 9.6 2009 -9.0 8.7 2010 3.6 10.0 2011 3.4 9.7 H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 5

  6. Growth in Research Output, 1999-2008 H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS H. Balzer London Oct. 2010 6

  7. Publications Growth, 1990-2008 H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 7

  8. Russia: 90,000 20% Kazakhstan 20% Other CIS 40% Asia (majority from China) China: >270,000 Top 5 Sources: South Korea Japan United States Vietnam Thailand Foreign Student Enrollment H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  9. Outline • The Global Competition • Russia’s Standing • The Problems • A Recommendation H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  10. The Education Ratings Game U.S. News & World Report Times Higher Education Supplement Jiao Tong U. Shanghai Spanish Web-based Russian system Grande École des Mines Paris Tech 2011 Iranian “Islamic Universities” H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 10

  11. Harvard 2 Princeton 3 Yale 4 Columbia 5 Stanford 5 U. Pennsylvania 7 California Inst. Techno. 7 MIT 9 Dartmouth 9 Duke 9 U. Chicago Northwestern Johns Hopkins 13. Washington U. (St. Louis) Brown 15. Cornell Rice Vanderbilt Notre Dame Emory U.S. News USA Top 20, 2011 H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  12. U.S. News #s 21-25, 2011 • Georgetown • U. California Berkeley • Carnegie Mellon • U. of Southern California • UCLA 25 U. of Virginia • Wake Forest U. [3 of top 27 Not Private] H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  13. Times Top 200, 2009 Hong Kong: ( 5) #s 24, 35, 46, 124, 195 China: (6) #s 49, 52, 103, 153, 154, 168 Russia (2): 155 Moscow Lomonosov 168 St. Petersburg State (Mendeleev) H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 13

  14. Shanghai Jiao Tong Top 100 77: Moscow State (Lomonosov) No Chinese or Hong Kong Universities in the top 100 H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 14

  15. Russian Rankings: 1 TOP 10 (Global universities ranking) 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA 2 California Institute of Technology, USA 3 University of Tokyo, Japan 4 Columbia University, USA 5 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia 6 Harvard University, USA 7 Stanford University, USA 8 University of Cambridge, UK 9 Johns Hopkins University, USA 10 University of Chicago, USA H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 15

  16. Russian Rankings: 2 Moscow & St. Petersburg in Top 100 No Chinese or HK in Top 100 U. of MN # 26; U. of MD # 28 Second 100: 2 Russia; 2 China; 2 HK Third 100: 3 Russia; 2 China 301-430: 45 Russian 52 of 430 = 12% H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 16

  17. Defense of Russian Rankings Inputs as well as outputs Size, number of alumni, number of specialties Need to raise prestige of Russian journals H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 17

  18. Everyone Has Their Biases “French do well in French world rankings” 2 in top 10; 5 in top 20 [Based on alumni CEOs of Fortune 500 Firms] H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 18

  19. Outline • The Global Competition • Russia’s Standing • The Problems • A Recommendation H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  20. Resource Constraints: • Students pay • Star system = inequality • Commercialization mantra • State-private partnerships/smaller State share • Accountability/measurement H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  21. Private Funding • 50 - 90% of Russians report making “unofficial” contributions to educational institutions. • Side payments exceed those for medical services • Admissions process fraught, even with EGE • “Less expensive to enroll in the commercial division than a budget place.” • Market highly developed: rents vary by location, size and quality of institution, specialty, and family resources (Popravko & Rykun, 2002) H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  22. Growing Burden on Students • 2/3 at State VUZy pay tuition = MUTUAL HOSTAGE • No price competition (yet) • Cost rising, tied to budget students • Demographic situation makes this unsustainable H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  23. Population Pyramid H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  24. Women Age 20-29 H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  25. ШПАРГАЛКИ H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  26. внедрение H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  27. Skolkovo Site H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS H. Balzer London Oct. 2010 27

  28. Zhongguancun H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS 28

  29. Outline • The Global Competition • Russia’s Standing • The Problems • Conclusion & Recommendations H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  30. Conclusions & Recommendation • Global Competition • Russia Similar in what it confronts: • Mass Tertiary Education • Demands of Knowledge Economy • Resource Constraints H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  31. Conclusions, II • Russia outlier in: • Demographic crisis (Stats) • Academy role (Their Data) • Bureaucratic obstacles MASSIVE: • Demand Teaching AND Research: No Reduced Load • Payments Late, and Restrictions on Use • Mania for Working in Specialties Studied • Not confronting fraud and corruption • Resisting internationalization H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  32. Pre-2008 Solution H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  33. 2008-2010 Solution H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  34. 2011: DUELING DOKLADY • INSOR: Medvedev • CSD: The 3rd Man • Nemtsov et. al.: Change leadership • [ALL FOCUSED ON PERSONALITIES, NOT INSTITUTIONS OR SYSTEM] • Only demand from below AND response at top produces institutional change. • Epistemic Communities = Reform, not Revolution H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  35. Recommendations: • Focus on Epistemic Communities • International • Keys to Successful Partnerships: • Publications • Bottom-up, NOT Top-down • Personal Contacts • Returnees H. Balzer, ACTR/ACCELS

  36. Thanks for Staying Awake Questions/Comments?

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