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Chemistry

Chemistry. Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry. 1.1 Chemistry. Matter is anything that has ____________ and takes up _____________. What is Chemistry? *Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events. .

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

  2. 1.1 Chemistry • Matter is anything that has ____________ and takes up _____________. • What is Chemistry? *Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.

  3. Areas of Study (Page 8 in Text) • Five traditional areas of study: 1. Organic Chemistry 2. Inorganic Chemistry 3. Biochemistry 4. Analytical Chemistry 5. Physical Chemistry

  4. Pure and Applied Chemistry • Pure chemistry-the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake • Applied chemistry-research that is directed toward a practical goal or application *Pure research can lead directly to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works. Example: Nylon, Aspirin, Technology

  5. Why should we study chemistry? • Explain the natural world • Prepare for a career • Be an informed citizen Knowledge

  6. 1.2 Chemistry Far and Wide • Chemists design materials to fit specific needs • Often inspired by nature *Macroscopic world *Microscopic world

  7. Energy • Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy. Conservation? Production? Storage?

  8. Medicine and Biotechnology • Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients.

  9. Agriculture • Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops.

  10. The Environment • Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution.

  11. The Universe • Chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.

  12. 1.3 Thinking like a Scientist • 1928, Alexander Fleming • Chemistry – Alchemy (Alchemists developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals) • Antoine Lavoisier (late 1700s) helped transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement it is today. (O2 required for a material to burn)

  13. The Scientific Method • A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem • State the problem • Collect information • Hypothesis • Experiment • Make observations/Data collection • Conclusion-accept or reject hypothesis

  14. Experiment • Procedure used to test a hypothesis • Variables/factors that can change a. Independent variable (manipulated) – the variable that you ____________ during an experiment b. Dependent variable (responding) – the variable that is _________________ during the experiment *the experiment must produce the same result no matter how many times it is repeated, or by whom.

  15. Theory • A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations Scientific Law -a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments When can a hypothesis become a theory?

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