World History Review (cont) Eras

1. World History Review (cont)Eras • Dark Ages – time period where little advancements in the areas of education/innovation • Medieval times • Development of feudalism/feudal contract • Vassal • Fief

2. Eras (cont) • Middle Ages – coming out of the Dark Ages w/ advancements in technology (mostly agricultural) and education via monasteries and convents • Plows, carruca, horseshoe, wind and water mills, etc. • More food = more people • Manorial system – agricultural estate owned by a lord and worked by his serfs • Difference between serf and peasant

3. Eras (cont) • Renaissance – rebirth of learning, mainly in cities • Stability, population growth, good economy, etc. are reasons it began • Printing press • Use of vernacular in literature made it accessible to more people • Reformation – Martin Luther, • Exploration and expansion of W. Civilization – New World

4. Eras (cont) • Scientific Revolution • Breakthroughs in religion gave rise to breakthroughs in science • Loosened the hold of Church on the minds of the people • Copernicus, Galileo, Newton – astronomy • New concepts of the universe led to new view of Man • Rationalism (Descartes) – reason is the chief source of knowledge • Scientific method (Bacon) – inductive reasoning and systematic observation

5. Eras (cont) • Enlightenment – philosophical movement stemming from the Scientific Revolution • Reason, natural law, hope, progress are key terms • Lead to great thinkers coming up w/ ideas like natural rights and the social contract which are foundation of many revolutions to come • Impact on founding documents (ex. Dec. of Independence, US Constitution, Bill of Rights)

6. French Revolution • Causes: 3 estates and taxes, government is broke, relics of feudalism/aristocratic privileges, American Revolution • King Louis XVI, Queen Marie Antoinette, their children, and many aristocrats are executed • New gvrnmnt swings from 1 extreme to the other, ending with Napoleon seizing power as emperor

7. WWI (cont) • Short term cause – assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife by Serbian terrorist • Meant to spark conflict • Caused by rivalry btwn Serbia (spprtd by Russia) and Austria-Hungary • Declare war on each other, which drags all who are allied into the fight • Trench warfare, stalemate, fronts • WWI in Europe 1914-1918

11. WWI (cont) • US enters in April 1917 bc of unrestricted submarine warfare • U-boats • Russian Revolution – Romanov royal family killed by Bolsheviks led by V.I. Lenin • Early soviets • Seize power and establish communist government

12. WWII1939-1945 • Germany is broke and economy destroyed after WWI • People starving, no jobs • Hitler and Nazis promise them that they will rule the world if Germans follow • Create a Third Reich – German empire • Put Jews, Gypsies, and any who oppose in concentration camps • Nuremberg laws exclude them from citizenship

13. WWII • Germany invades Austria and other Eastern European countries • Other countries still recovering from WWI, so have policy of appeasement w/ Hitler Germany • Germany grows in power and makes allies w/ Italy (Mussolini), Spain, and Japan • Hitler wants Japan to attack US to keep busy, Pearl Harbor, HI 12/7/1941