The War to End War, 1917–1918

1. Chapter 30 The War to End War, 1917–1918

2. Question All of the following are true of the Zimmerman Note EXCEPT • it was intercepted and published on March 1, 1917. • it made little impact on Americans, even westerners. • German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance. • it tempted Mexico with veiled promises of recovering Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

3. Answer All of the following are true of the Zimmerman Note EXCEPT • it was intercepted and published on March 1, 1917. • it made little impact on Americans, even westerners. (correct) • German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance. • it tempted Mexico with veiled promises of recovering Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Hint: See page 747.

4. Question The Fourteen Points included all of the following EXCEPT • abolishing secret treaties. • freedom of the seas. • arms reduction. • re-colonization.

5. Answer The Fourteen Points included all of the following EXCEPT • abolishing secret treaties. • freedom of the seas. • arms reduction. • re-colonization. (correct) Hint: See page 748.

6. Question All of the following were methods employed by the “Creel” Committee on Public Information EXCEPT • posters and billboards. • leaflets and pamphlets. • radio and television. • propaganda booklets and “four-minute” speeches.

7. Answer All of the following were methods employed by the “Creel” Committee on Public Information EXCEPT • posters and billboards. • leaflets and pamphlets. • radio and television. (correct) • propaganda booklets and “four-minute” speeches. Hint: See pages 748–749.

8. Question All of the following were true of the Espionage and Sedition Acts EXCEPT • they reflected current fears about Germans and antiwar Americans. • especially visible among the nineteen hundred prosecutions pursued under these laws were antiwar Socialists and members of the radical Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). • Socialist Eugene V. Debs was convicted under the Espionage Act in 1918 and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. • other than public figures among opposition leaders, criticism of the government was rarely censored and punished.

9. Answer All of the following were true of the Espionage and Sedition Acts EXCEPT • they reflected current fears about Germans and antiwar Americans. • especially visible among the nineteen hundred prosecutions pursued under these laws were antiwar Socialists and members of the radical Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). • Socialist Eugene V. Debs was convicted under the Espionage Act in 1918 and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. • other than public figures among opposition leaders, criticism of the government was rarely censored and punished. (correct) Hint: See page 750.

10. Question In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court • affirmed the legality of the Espionage and Sedition Acts. • ruled that freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation. • received a Congressional censure for violating the Constitution. • was criticized for bending, if not breaking, the First Amendment.

11. Answer In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court • affirmed the legality of the Espionage and Sedition Acts. • ruled that freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation. (correct) • received a Congressional censure for violating the Constitution. • was criticized for bending, if not breaking, the First Amendment. Hint: See page 750.

12. Question All of the following were true of the National War Labor Board EXCEPT it • was chaired by former president Taft. • exerted itself to head off labor disputes that might hamper the war effort. • supported labor’s most important demand: a government guarantee of the right to organize into unions. • pressed employers to grant concessions to labor, including high wages and the eight-hour day.

13. Answer All of the following were true of the National War Labor Board EXCEPT it • was chaired by former president Taft. • exerted itself to head off labor disputes that might hamper the war effort. • supported labor’s most important demand: a government guarantee of the right to organize into unions. (correct) • pressed employers to grant concessions to labor, including high wages and the eight-hour day. Hint: See page 751.

14. Question All of the following were true of the Nineteenth Amendment EXCEPT • war mobilization gave new momentum to the suffrage fight. • impressed by women’s war work, President Wilson endorsed woman suffrage as “a vitally necessary war measure.” • it came seventy years after the first calls for suffrage at Seneca Falls. • it gave all American women the right to vote, except for German “enemy combatants.”

15. Answer All of the following were true of the Nineteenth Amendment EXCEPT • war mobilization gave new momentum to the suffrage fight. • impressed by women’s war work, President Wilson endorsed woman suffrage as “a vitally necessary war measure.” • it came seventy years after the first calls for suffrage at Seneca Falls. • it gave all American women the right to vote, except for German “enemy combatants.” (correct) Hint: See pages 752–753.

16. Question The Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act of 1922 • required all institutions of 50 employees or more to provide paid maternity leave for all women workers. • provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care. • established guidelines for establishing legal paternity and responsibility for children with “deadbeat dads.” • provided federally financed child care for all women whose factory work had aided the war effort.

17. Answer The Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act of 1922 • required all institutions of 50 employees or more to provide paid maternity leave for all women workers. • provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care. (correct) • established guidelines for establishing legal paternity and responsibility for children with “deadbeat dads.” • provided federally financed child care for all women whose factory work had aided the war effort. Hint: See pages 753–754.

18. Question All of the following were true of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive EXCEPT • it was part of the last mighty Allied assault, involving several million men. • the speedy progress and light losses resulted in part from superb training and dashing open-field tactics. • one objective was to cut the German railroad lines feeding the western front. • this battle, the most gargantuan thus far in American history, lasted forty-seven days and engaged 1.2 million American troops.

19. Answer All of the following were true of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive EXCEPT • it was part of the last mighty Allied assault, involving several million men. • the speedy progress and light losses resulted in part from superb training and dashing open-field tactics. (correct) • one objective was to cut the German railroad lines feeding the western front. • this battle, the most gargantuan thus far in American history, lasted forty-seven days and engaged 1.2 million American troops. Hint: See page 760.

20. Question All of the following were true of the League of Nations EXCEPT • Wilson’s ultimate goal was this world parliament. • under League Mandates, victors would take possession of conquered territory outright, not as trustees of the League. • Wilson envisioned it as containing an assembly with seats for all nations and a council to be controlled by the great powers. • it was ultimately defeated by Senate opposition, and the United States never joined.

21. Answer All of the following were true of the League of Nations EXCEPT • Wilson’s ultimate goal was this world parliament. • under League Mandates, victors would take possession of conquered territory outright, not as trustees of the League. (correct) • Wilson envisioned it as containing an assembly with seats for all nations and a council to be controlled by the great powers. • it was ultimately defeated by Senate opposition, and the United States never joined. Hint: See page 763.