Energy for Life

1. Energy for Life Chapter 4 Section 3 p. 113- 117

2. A. Cells use Chemical Reactions • Cells use chemical reactions to change the chemical energy stored in food into forms needed to perform cell activities

3. A. Cells use Chemical Reactions • 1. Metabolism – The total of all chemical reactions in an organism

4. A. Cells use Chemical Reactions • 2. Chemical reactions require enzymes (which cause, or speed up, or slow down reactions without themselves being changed and therefore can be used again and again.)

5. B. Photosynthesis • The process that plants and other organisms use to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy or sugars (glucose) to be used as food.

7. B. Photosynthesis • 1. Producers – organisms that make their own food • Consumers – organisms that can not make their own food.

8. B. Photosynthesis • Chlorophyll and other pigments are used in photosynthesis to capture sunlight • Which is used to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen

9. C. Respiration • The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy

10. C. Respiration • 1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm

11. C. Respiration • 1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm • a. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules

12. C. Respiration • 1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm • a. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules • b. Each glucose molecule is broken down into two simpler molecules, releasing energy. + +

13. C. Respiration • 2. Respiration moves into the mitochondria

14. C. Respiration • 2. Respiration moves into the mitochondria • a. The two simpler molecules are broken down again, releasing much more energy. +

15. C. Respiration • 2. Respiration moves into the mitochondria • a. The two simpler molecules are broken down again, releasing much more energy. • b. This process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water as waste products. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose oxygen carbon water dioxide

16. D. Fermentation • Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the energy stored in glucose molecules

17. D. Fermentation • Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the energy stored in glucose molecules • 1. Entire process occurs in the cytoplasm.

18. D. Fermentation • Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the energy stored in glucose molecules • 1. Entire process occurs in the cytoplasm. • 2. Produces lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide as wastes

19. E. Comparisons • Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other.

20. E. Comparisons • Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other. • 1. Photosynthesis produces (end products are) glucose and oxygen which are used in respiration 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2carbon water sunlight glucose oxygen dioxide energy

21. E. Comparisons • Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other. • 1. Photosynthesis produces (end products are) glucose and oxygen which are used in respiration • 2. Respiration produces (end products are) carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2carbon water sunlight glucose oxygen dioxide energy C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose oxygen carbon water chemical dioxide energy