1 / 18

Human Derived Traits

Explore the differences in locomotion, dental structure, brain development, and cultural adaptations among Hominoidea species like gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Learn about their traits such as tail absence, body size, vision reliance, Y-5 molar pattern, and prolonged growth periods. Understand variations in jaw and tooth structure between apes and humans, and discover the structural disparities in the brain, highlighting the enlargement and elaboration of the cerebral cortex in humans. Delve into the distinct locomotion styles, with humans being obligate bipeds, facing unique challenges in posture and back support. Uncover the morphological discrepancies in the pelvis and vertebral column between apes and humans.

raymondg
Download Presentation

Human Derived Traits

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Human Derived Traits • Locomotion differences • Dental differences • Brain differences • Life history differences • Cultural adaptations

  2. The Hominoidea

  3. Gibbons

  4. Orangutans

  5. Gorillas

  6. Chimpanzees: common and bonobo

  7. Hominoidea Characteristics • No tail • Larger body size • Rely more on vision • Suspensory hanging adaptation • Y-5 pattern of molars • Arms longer than legs (except humans) • Increased brain size and intelligence • Prolonged growth and development

  8. Differences in the Jaws and Teeth Apes have large anterior teeth which results in a larger face than humans

  9. Apes: Large canines Canine diastema (space for opposing canine) Sectorial premolar (sharpens upper canine) Thin molar enamel

  10. Humans: Small canines Smaller anterior teeth (and a smaller face) Relatively large posterior teeth

  11. Dental arcade shape differences Apes: U-shaped • Humans: Parabolic, indicates – • Reduction in size of canine • Loss of diastema & sectorial premolar

  12. Brain Differences Structural similarities exist between human and ape brainsSame landmarks are found on bothWhat’s different?

  13. Human Brain – Enlargements and Elaboration of the Cerebral Cortex • Frontal lobes – association areas that create more complex models of reality • Areas associated with language on dominant hemisphere • Broca’s area: motor speech • Wernicke’s area: language comprehension

  14. Locomotion Differences: Humans are obligate, habitual bipeds • Requires erect posture • Slow, but energy efficient • Birth and lower back problems • Precarious • “…the body, step by step, teeters on the edge of catastrophe” (Napier 1967:56)

  15. Position of Foramen Magnum • Centered to balance skull on vertebral column in an upright position

  16. Vertebral Column • Quadruped – only has a primary curve • Vertebral column is not weight-bearing, vertebrae of equal size • Secondary vertebral curves in humans – neck and lumbar • Vertebrae increase in size from top to bottom

  17. Morphological Differences in the Pelvis • APE • Tall and narrow • Flat, or compressed anterior to posterior (front to back) • HUMAN • Short and broad • Curved

More Related