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LCSH for Video

This resource provides guidance on the use of form/genre headings in video cataloging, including the distinction between topical and form/genre headings, the evolution of cataloging practices, and current guidelines for assigning form/genre headings.

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LCSH for Video

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  1. LCSH for Video Form/Genre Headings --DRAFT--

  2. Subject Cataloging Resources • Use the following Subject Cataloging Manual Instruction Sheets: • H 1913 Moving Image/Genre Form Headings • H 2230 Visual Materials and Non-Music Sound Recordings • Keep in mind that H 1913 dates from 2008, so many bibliographic records in Orbis and OCLC reflect earlier practices

  3. Topical vs. Form/genre • Topical: “aboutness” • Example: Science fiction films • A book about science fiction films • A film documentary about science fiction films • MARC authority record tag: 150 • MARC bibliographic tag: 650 • In LC cataloging practice, a form/genre heading used topically must be subdivided: Science fiction films—History and criticism. • Orbis label generated by 650 tag: Subjects (Library of Congress)

  4. Authority Record (150)

  5. Topical vs. Form/Genre • Form/Genre: “is-ness” • Example: Science fiction films • A video of The war of the worlds • MARC authority tag: 155 • MARC bibliographic record tag: 655 • In LC cataloging practice, a heading used to identify the resource as belonging to a particular form/genre is never subdivided, even geographically • Orbis label generated by the 655 tag: Type of material

  6. Authority Record (155)

  7. OPAC View

  8. Prior to 2008 • LC did not create form/genre authority records (MARC 155) • Both topical and form/genre headings were represented by authority records coded as “topical” (MARC 150) • By default, a heading represented by a 150 subject authority record was only used topically, • unless the authority record scope note (680) stated explicitly that the heading should be used only or alternatively for form/genre access, or • the LC Subject Cataloging manual instructed the cataloger to use the heading for form/genre access

  9. Earlier Practice • Prior to 2008, the form/genre aspect of fiction films (such as Science fiction films), was brought out in 3 ways: • Topical heading with subdivision --Drama • Form headings [tagged as 650] that expressed either genre (Science fiction films) or technique (Silent films) • The form heading [tagged as 650] Feature films or Short films

  10. MARC Example: Pre-2008 • Here is an abbreviated MARC example showing the subjects assigned to a feature film using the LC guidelines of the time:

  11. OPAC Screenshot

  12. Problem with Form/Genre Headings (pre-2008) • When the same term & tag represent both the topic and the form/genre, the computer cannot distinguish between a heading for a book about science fiction films and a heading for a video of a science fiction film • A heading search on Science fiction films (tagged as 650) will retrieve both videos and books about the form/genre • It should be noted that assigning the same term to represent both about-ness and is-ness is not practiced across the board; in music LCSH, the singular term is used for the concept & the plural term is used for scores and sound recordings

  13. Using Subdivisions with Form/Genre Headings • The LC workaround prior to 2008: • The form/genre heading was used without a subdivision for cataloging of fiction films • The form/genre heading was used with a subdivision for books about the form, e.g. –History and criticism, --Dictionaries, --Religious aspects, etc. • The workaround was not made explicit in the subject cataloging documentation or the scope notes but may be inferred from the guidelines for drama

  14. Current Practice • Form/genre heading as topic (150) is established separately from form/genre as exemplum (155) • In addition, the scope note in the authority record for the topical heading (150) states explicitly that the form/genre heading as topic must be subdivided • There is no corresponding scope note in the authority record for the form/genre heading as exemplum (155) • The other practices (headings with subdivision –Drama and assigning Feature films or Short films) continue, but-- • Feature films & Short films are now tagged 655 for cataloging of videos and films

  15. MARC Example Using Current Rules • MARC example showing the subjects assigned to a feature film using the current LC guidelines:

  16. OPAC Screenshot

  17. Maintenance Issues (1) • Videos cataloged prior to 2008 use 650 for form/genre headings • Member records added after 2008 may follow the obsolete practice • Currently no updating of 650s to 655 is done in copy cataloging • Records for videos with unsubdivided 650s cannot be retagged automatically to 655 since unsubdivided 650 will still be valid for non-fiction films

  18. Maintenance Issues (2) • Retagging 650s without subdivisions on records for videos if there is also a 650 Feature films or Short films might be a possible strategy, with the following caveats: • Only LC is likely to have followed the instruction to assign 650 Feature films/Short films to fiction films consistently, and LC’s primary cataloging focus has been archival motion pictures, not video • Member library cataloging of fiction film videos often ignores LC guidelines and subdivides form/genre headings geographically

  19. Impact on Users • Current Orbis OPAC using Simple Search • Using either Keyword or Subject searches “science fiction films” will retrieve only or primarily videos • the search may miss a handful of records where member libraries added a geographic subdivision • Using Subject search “science fiction films history” will retrieve only books about the form/genre • Using the Keyword search “science fiction films history” will retrieve a mix of videos of feature films and books about the form/genre • Using the Keyword search “science fiction films criticism” will retrieve only books about the form/genre

  20. Impact on Users (2) • Current Orbis OPAC using Advanced Search • Advanced Search allows the user to combine the phrase “science fiction films” & limit to form/genre headings • The results will not reflect the library’s holdings, since most of the form/genre headings in records for videos are tagged as 650 rather than 655 • Impact on next-generation retrieval (YuFind) • On an All Fields search “science fiction films,” facets can be used to discover video or book holdings • Topical facets: Feature films (YuFind: 351) • Format facets: DVD (318), VHS (118), Book (309) • Compare DVD/VHS total with Feature Films total

  21. If No Maintenance? • Current OPAC searches for form/genre headings are not significantly affected unless there is a high number of Advanced form/genre searches • Past & current LC practice results in a large video retrieval from either Subject or Keyword Simple Searches that may frustrate the average user’s access to books on the history & criticism of the form/genre • In the current Simple Search configuration, neither subject nor keyword searching would be improved by updating the tagging from 650 to 655 • Past & current LC practice means the user must perform relatively sophisticated searching to retrieve “books about”

  22. If No Maintenance? • YuFind demonstrates that the Next Generation OPAC, through facetting, could use other elements of the bibliographic record to discover & distinguish between “books about” & video exempla, without requiring an update of the tagging • Even if YuFind is not adopted, maintenance could be postponed until we have a better idea of how the next catalog will work

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