Freud is Dead

2. Freud is Dead

3. What happened next? • Neo-Freudians • People who continued to develop psychoanalytic theory • Carl Jung • Alfred Adler • Karen Horney • Erick Erikson

4. Alfred Adler

5. Feelings of Inferiority

6. Two basic ways to deal with feelings of inferiority Striving for superiority to attain completion Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority

7. The path is largely determined in the first five years of life Striving for superiority to attain completion Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority

8. Birth Order • First born • Middle child • Last born • Only child • Each one has unique environments that they are exposed too

9. Birth Order First Born At the start was the center of attention. The “queen” of the house

10. Birth Order First Born “Dethroned monarch” Forced to share parental affection If parents have prepared child – will deal better with this change

11. Birth Order First Born Understands the importance of power Highly supportive of authorities Conservative and conforming Will attempt to regain “power” later in life (inferiority)

12. Birth Order Middle Children Views older child as a competitor

13. Birth Order Middle Children Views older child as a competitor If older child is supportive of younger attempts to excel, healthy development is more likely

14. Birth Order Middle Children Views older child as a competitor If older child is supportive of younger attempts to excel, healthy development is more likely If older is not supportive (mean), middle child might always set unrealistically high goals (ensuring failure)

15. Birth Order Last born “Baby” – tends to get most attention

16. Birth Order Last born If parents spoil child may be at risk for being excessively dependent on others for support and protection Wants to excel, but ultimately fails

17. Birth Order Only Children No siblings so is likely to be the center of attention

18. Birth Order Only Children If overly pampered may experience difficulty later in life when he/she learns that they are not universally admired.

19. Evidence • First born • Feel a loss of power; spend their lives attempting to regain this power through outstanding achievement • Negative correlations between birth order and intellectual performance

20. Evidence • First born children are overrepresented among • College students • Graduate students • Women doctors • University faculty • World Leaders • Members of the U.S. Congress • United States presidents • Not among unsuccessful presidential candidates

21. Evidence • First born • Feel a loss of power; spend their lives attempting to regain this power through outstanding achievement • More likely to challenge “status quo” • “Born to rebel” • Students arrested for civil disobedience are more likely to be first borns

22. Evidence • First born • Feel a loss of power; spend their lives attempting to regain this power through outstanding achievement • More likely to be Type A • Excessive competitive drive • Strong time urgency • Always try to do more!

23. Evidence • Youngest child • More likely to be pampered; at risk for being dependent on others • More likely to be alcoholics if they lack social support

24. Constructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority

25. Constructive Lifestyle • “Socially useful type” • Parents treated child with respect and consideration • Learn importance of equality and cooperation • Develop goals in accord with social interest • “Honesty and the best polity” • “do unto others as you would have them do unto you” • Career choices • Treat your family with respect and love

26. Constructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Socially Useful Type Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority

27. Constructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Socially Useful Type Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

28. Destructive Lifestyle • The Ruling Type • Lack social interest and courage • Strive for superiority by exploiting and harming others • Try to control others to feel powerful • Want to be rulers of other • Spouse • Children – “because I said so!” • Teachers

29. Destructive Lifestyle • The Getting Type • Passive and make little effort to solve own problems • Rely on others to take care of them • Children of affluent parents who have little awareness of own abilities • Surround self with others willing to do work for them • Usually very charming

30. Destructive Lifestyle • The Avoiding Type • Lack confidence • Sidestep problems (avoid defeat) • Often daydream and fantasizes that they are superior to others

31. Constructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Socially Useful Type Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

32. Psychological Health Constructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Socially Useful Type Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Neurosis Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

33. Questionnaire • Treat all people equally. • Am a good listener. • Believe that everyone's rights are equally important. • Give everyone a chance.

34. Questionnaire • Am committed to principles of justice and equality. • Believe that everyone should have a say. • I don’t take advantage of others.

35. Evidence Psychological Health Constructive Lifestyle Socially Useful Type

36. Evidence Psychological Health • People with high “Social Interest” • Trustworthy • Socially adjusted • Nurturing • Helpful • Less depression and anxiety • Less lonely • Less narcissistic • Less Hostile • Greater satisfaction with life • Emotionally closer to relatives and friends • Less likely to manipulate others • More likely to sense love from others Constructive Lifestyle Socially Useful Type

37. Psychological Health Constructive Lifestyle Striving for superiority to attain completion Socially Useful Type Feelings of Inferiority Striving for personal superiority Destructive Lifestyle Neurosis Ruling Type Getting Type Avoiding Type

39. Karen Horney

40. Anxiety!

41. Anxiety!

42. Anxiety!

43. Anxiety! • What makes you anxious? • What about UCS anxiety? • Where does it come from? • What are its effects on personality?

44. Basic Ideas • Who are you?

45. Basic Ideas Real Self Everyone has a special set of potentials that can flourish

46. Basic Ideas Real Self With respect proper support one will see what these potentials are and will be able to express them

47. Basic Ideas Real Self If one does not receive proper guidance and is treated with a lack of respect, it will cause the person to be alienated from their “real self”

48. Basic Ideas Real Self Idealized Self Image of self (typically involves images of power and abilities)

49. Basic Ideas Real Self Idealized Self Image of self (typically involves images of power and abilities)

50. Basic Ideas Real Self Actual Self Idealized Self The self as it is at the moment