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Muscle Physiology: Contractions, Myosin Isoforms, and Biomechanics

Explore the physiology of muscles, including different types of contractions, myosin isoforms, and the biomechanics of muscle movement. Learn about muscle tone, fatigue, cramps, and more. Test review topics and objectives are also included.

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Muscle Physiology: Contractions, Myosin Isoforms, and Biomechanics

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  1. Review contraction Isometric contraction Contraction graphs Myosin isoforms Test review Biomechanics “One cannot talk himself out of something he behaved himself into.” Anonymous To learn about the physiology of muscles. Title: Anat & Phys 12/6/06 Class Topics Objectives: Friday, January 3, 20206:07 AM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • Muscle physiology test 12/8/06 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Anaerobic Respiration • Oxygen debt • oxygen goes toward decomposition of lactic acid - not respiration • Muscle fatigue • too much lactic acid - low pH - no contraction • Muscle cramp • muscle contracts but doesn’t relax • not enough ATP to move calcium ions back into SR

  4. Muscle Tone • Sustained contraction occurring in muscle fibers at all times - resting muscle • Used for posture, body positioning, reflexes, and keep body firm • Lost when a person passes out • dead weight

  5. Rigor Mortis • Contraction of muscle after death • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum releases Calcium ions • muscles contract, do not relax • relax when decomposition occurs

  6. Isotonic • Produces movement as the muscle pulls the bone toward a stationary structure • ex. Bicep curl • All movements!

  7. Isometric • Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten • No body movement • ex. Pushing an immovable object

  8. Twitch

  9. Muscle TypesHO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance” • Slow twitch • Type I • Fast twitch • Type IIe • Type IIx

  10. Test Review • No multiple choice • All short answer, drawings, labeling, and essay • Essay – Explain muscle contraction and relaxation

  11. Test Review • Connective tissues • Drawing, labeling • Organelles • Mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosomes • Neuromuscular junction • All or none response • Innervation • Proteins • Myofibril • Energy sources • Oxygen debt • Muscle fatigue • Muscle tone • Muscle cramp • Rigor mortis • Isometric/isotonic • Graphs – twitch, summation, tetanic • Myosin isoforms

  12. Biomechanics • Skeletal system and muscular system working together • Levers • 3 types of levers • 1st class • 2nd class • 3rd class

  13. Pivot Fi Force in Fo Force out Levers Fi Fi Fo Fo 2nd class 1st class Fo Fi 3rd class

  14. 1st class leverTriceps Brachii, also found in muscles of neck and head Fi Fo Increases speed and overcomes resistance

  15. 2nd Class LeverGastrocnemius Fi Fo Used to overcome resistance, move large weights

  16. F1 Fo 3rd Class LeverMasseter and temporalis with the mandible, also the biceps brachii Used to obtain rapid movement

  17. Mechanical Advantage • Force out can be many times larger than force in by using the correct lever system • Fo = Fi (li/lo) • li is the distance from Fi to the pivot (fulcrum), and lo is the distance from Fo to the pivot Fi = 160 dynes 3 mm 1 mm Fo = ? Fo Fi

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