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Learn about the cell theory, organelles, and the functions within a cell. Explore the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and discover the roles of key organelles like mitochondria, nucleus, Golgi bodies, and more.
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Cells are the smallest or basic unit of life. Every living this is made up of 1 or more cells. Scientists have concluded the following about the cell theory Cells carry out the functions needed to support life cells come only from other living cells
The following parts of the cell are calledorganelles. Organelles each have a specific function with in the cell. • Cell structure and function
Prokaryotes cell has no _nucleus Is usually a unicellular organism. • _Eukaryote cell has a defined nucleus. Is usually in multicellular organisms. • Binary fission
Organelles • Vacuoles- bubble like storage structure, used for storage and transportation, stores water and dissolved nutrients A vacuole is a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small.
Lysosome - intra cellular digestion and contains powerful enzymes ( hydrolytic enzymes), digests and breaks down large particles
Ribosomes-contain RNA and proteins, assembles amino acids, structures in which proteins are made. The proteins may be bright red.
Golgi bodies or golgi apparatus- warehouse of the cell, used for packaging and secretions, receives material from ER, manufactures and prepares molecules for export from the cell. Often looks somewhat like a horseshoe or long winding tunnel.
Cytoplasm- assist with life function of the cell, matrix that contains, cytoskeleton, substance between the nucleus and cell membrane, lattice of slender strands. Jelly like substance
Nucleus-control center containing the genetic information, DNA, RNA and proteins
Nucleolus-circular body in the nucleus, specialized parts of chromosomes, location for mRNA
Nuclearmembrane- surrounds nucleus, regulates what goes in and out.
Cell (plasma) membrane- membrane around outside of cell, semipermeable layer that covers and holds cell together, regulates what enters and leaves, controls environment in cell
Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell, cellular respiration, release’s energy from nutrients, produces 90% of cells energy by oxidizing food molecules Mitochondria provide the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract - in short, they are the power centers of the cell. They are about the size of bacteria but may have different shapes depending on the cell type
Endoplasmic reticulum- internal transportation system, smooth and rough, rough ER has ribosomes attached, used for storage and transportation, surface for chemical activity, pathway for the transport of materials throughout the cell, also associated with synthesis and storage
Centriole- formation of cilia and golgi bodies, small dark body outside the nucleus used during cell division, cilia formation, separates chromatin during cell division. May also be called microtubule organizing center. Microtubules are produced here
Cilia-used in cell motion, hairlike projections of cell, keeps the lungs clean
