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Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Terminology. Introductory Concepts: 1) Homeostasis – macro and micro 2) Body terminology. Directional Terms. Anterior – front, before. Example: The vertebral column is dorsal to the more anterior sternum. Directional Terms. Ventral - belly. Directional Terms. Cranial - head.

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Anatomical Terminology

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  1. Anatomical Terminology Introductory Concepts: 1) Homeostasis – macro and micro 2) Body terminology

  2. Directional Terms • Anterior – front, before Example: The vertebral column is dorsal to the more anterior sternum

  3. Directional Terms • Ventral - belly

  4. Directional Terms • Cranial - head

  5. Directional Terms • Superior – Above (higher level)

  6. Directional Terms • Medial – toward the body’s midline

  7. Directional Terms • Proximal – toward point of attachment

  8. Directional Terms • Superficial – at or near the surface

  9. Directional Terms • Posterior – back; behind

  10. Directional Terms • Dorsal - back RIGHT HAND

  11. Directional Terms • Caudal - tail Hindlimb conformation faults: caudal view

  12. Directional Terms • Inferior – below (lower level)

  13. Directional Terms • Lateral – away from midline

  14. Directional Terms • Distal – away from point of attachment

  15. Directional Terms • Deep – farther from the surface

  16. Body Planes and Sections • Transverse – divides the body into superior and inferior sections • http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/transverse.html

  17. Body Planes and Sections • Frontal – divides the body into anterior and posterior sections • http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/coronal.html

  18. Body Planes and Sections • Sagittal – divides the body into right and left sections • http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/sagittal.html

  19. Section 1

  20. Section 2

  21. Section 3

  22. Section 4

  23. Section 5

  24. Section 6

  25. Section 7

  26. Section 8

  27. Major Body Cavities PLEURAL PERICARDIAL

  28. Introductory Anat/physiology test • Body cavities and organs located within the cavity (labeling and matching) • Anatomical terminology – be able to apply it • Overview of organ systems (matching)

  29. Introductory Anat/physiology test • Body planes and sections (identify pictures) • Cell parts and functions • Homeostasis • Thirst fill-in blank • Scenario identification of stimulus, receptors, effectors and response • Cell membrane – diffusion, osmosis terms and active transport

  30. 1) Kidneys detect ↓ blood volume 2) Pituitary glanddetects ↑ in blood osmolarity ↓ water volume ↑ osmolarity of blood Dehydration 1) JGA in kidneys 2) Hypothalamus in brain 1) Adrenal gland (on top of kidney) releases aldosterone 2) ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is released from pituitary gland 1) Kidneys keep water and salts instead of excreting them 2) Kidneys keep water and salivary glands do not salivate (causes dry mouth = thirst)

  31. The Cell

  32. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cytoplasm Prokaryotic v. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Section 7-1 Prokaryotic Cell Nucleus Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

  33. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell

  34. Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Golgi apparatus Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 c d b a e k f a g j i h Animal Cell

  35. Cell Wall Chloroplasts Venn Diagrams Section 7-2 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Contain DNA Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Centrioles

  36. Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Figure 7-11 Cytoskeleton Section 7-2

  37. Divison of Labor • A cell is made up of many parts with different functions that work together. Similarly, the parts of a factory or a machine work together to carry out different functions and come up with a product. Answer the following questions. • 1. What are some of the different parts of a computer? What are the functions of these computer parts? • 2. How do the functions of these computer parts correspond to the functions of certain cell parts?

  38. Guard station— lets somethings in Keeps some things out Cell Membrane

  39. Wall outside the factory guard gate Protection and strength Cell Wall (plants only)

  40. Generator Creates energy for the factory mitochondria

  41. Packaging, processing Puts wrapper on the candy bar Golgi Apparatus

  42. CEO, central office Directs the factory Contains the recipe Nucleus

  43. Machine makers Place where the assembling machines (ribosomes) are made Nucleolus

  44. Assembling machines Assembles the candy bars, takes them to packaging (golgi) Ribosomes

  45. Inner-factory transport Conveyor belt, transports candybars (proteins) Endoplasmic reticulum

  46. Sanitation crew Destroys garbage Cleans out foreign debris Lysosome

  47. Warehouse storage- Contains all of the surplus materials Vacuole

  48. Solar panels on the factory Converts sunlight to usable energy for the factory Chloroplast (plants only)

  49. ANSWERS TO INTRO CELL QUESTIONS • Attached to microscope lab

  50. Cell Structures and Functions • 1. The CELL is the fundamental building block of the body.

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