ROMANIAN ALPHABET and writing system

1. ROMANIAN ALPHABET and writing system Short history made by students from ,,Aurel Vlaicu””School Braila ROMANIA

2. Romania is unique in that it is the only Eastern Block country that speaks a Romance language. Alexandru Niculescu, in his book Outline History of the Romanian Language says, "Romanian is the only Romance language which has developed in the Eastern part of Latin Europe" (16). The history of Romanian can be traced through different periods of outside influence on the language. The first period is the Dacian period. The Dacians were the first known civilization to live in the area where Romania is now situated. The second period is the Romanization following the Roman conquest of the Dacians. After the Romanization was a period of Slavicinfluence on the Proto Romanian of that time, followed by a Re-Latinization movement during the 19th Century. Romanian reflects the turbulent history of its native speakers. It illustrates the story of a nation of survivors. The History of the Romanian Language

3. The Tărtăria tablets are three tablets, discovered in 1961 by archaeologistNicolae Vlassa at a Neolithic site in the village of Tărtăria (about 30 km /19 mi) from Alba Iulia), in Romania.The tablets, dated to around 5300 BC, bear incised symbols - the Vinča symbols - and have been the subject of considerable controversy among archaeologists, some of whom claim that the symbols represent the earliest known form of writing in the world. Artifacts about writing system discovered in Romania Tărtăria tablets

4. Monument of tablets in the village of Tărtăria (about 30 km (19 mi) from Alba Iulia. Tărtăria tablets ,,Tablets from Tartaria, dated 5300 – 4700 BC, incited the Anglo-Saxon world (Colin Renfrew, Marija Gimbutas) and created hot debates around the globe.’’Prof. Dr. Maria-Luminita Rolle, University of Edinburgh, Academic Consultant European Mythology

5. The Sinaia lead plates are a set of lead plates written in an unknown language or constructed language. They are alleged to be a chronicle of the Dacians(Romanian ancestors). The plates were written in the Greek alphabet with a few other character additions, the connection with the Dacian civilization being quite obvious from the names of Dacian kings and placename. They also include text written in some unknown scripts that do not resemble any known written alphabet. In addition to the text, the plates also contain many complex illustrations, including those of armies, kings, cities, temples and buildings. Sinaia lead plates

6. The Romanian language is a Romance language, derived from Latin, introduced during the Roman occupation of the Balkans. Romanian language contains features reflecting continued contact with Romans until the decline of the Roman Empire and influx of Slavic peoples in the 6th century. From this time separate Northern and Southern dialects formed. The two principle northern dialects are Daco-Romania spoken in modern Romania and the Republic of Moldova, and Istro-Romanian spoken in a few villages in the Istria peninsular of Croatia. Romanian Alphabet and Language

7. The oldest written text in Romanian is a letter from 1521, in which Neacsu of Câmpulung wrote to the mayor of Brasov about an imminent attack of the Turks. It was written using the Cyrillic alphabet, like most early Romanian writings. The earliest writing in Latin script was a late 16th century Transylvanian text which was written with the Hungarian alphabet conventions. Neacșu's letter is the oldest surviving document written in Romanian Letter from Neacsu of Câmpulung- oldest written text in Romanian-

8. The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was used to write the Romanian language before 1860–1862, when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based Romanian alphabet.Cyrillic remained in occasional use until circa 1920 (mostly in Bassarabia). It is not the same as the Russian-basedMoldovan Cyrillic alphabet used in the Moldavian ASSR since 1926, and then in the Moldavian SSR between 1940 and 1989 (except 1941-44). The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was close to the contemporary version of the Early Cyrillic alphabet of the Old Church Slavonicliturgical language. Romanian Cyrillic alphabet

9. Between its discarding and the full adoption of the Latin alphabet, a so-called transitional alphabet was in place for a few years (it combined Cyrillic and Latin letters, and included some of the Latin letters with diacritics which came to be used in Romanian spelling). Transitional alphabet

10. Latin alphabet • Starting with the 1830s and ending with the official adoption of the Latin alphabet, there were no regulations for writing Romanian, and various alphabets using Cyrillic and Latin letters, besides the mid-transitional version in the table above, were used, sometimes two or more of them in a single book. The following table shows some of the many alphabets used in print.

11. The Romanian alphabet is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters:[1][2]

12. Romanian does not use accents. In the sense of diacritics as being signs added to letters to alter their pronunciation or to make distinction between words, the Romanian alphabet does not have diacritics. There are, however, five special letters in the Romanian alphabet (associated with four different sounds), formed by modifying other Latin letters; strictly speaking they are not diacritics, but are generally referred to as such. Ă ă — a with breve – for the sound /ə/ Â â — a with circumflex – for the sound /ɨ/ Î î — i with circumflex – for the sound /ɨ/ Ș ș — s with comma – for the sound /ʃ/ Ț ț — t with comma – for the sound /t͡s/ The letter â is used exclusively in the middle of words; its majuscule version appears only in all-capitals inscriptions.

13. HAND WRITTEN LETTERS