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Ebola River Hemorrhagic Fever. Glamour disease of the1990s. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. Filoviridae , cell wall & RNA. Ebola electron-micrograph in human skin tissue & evolutionary relationships of Ebola & Marburg viruses. Family Filoviridae. Extreme biological hazards.
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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Filoviridae, cell wall & RNA
Ebola electron-micrographin human skin tissue & evolutionary relationships of Ebola & Marburg viruses Family Filoviridae
Ebola Outbreak History 2005 Angola Marburg 257 235 92%
Liver tissue, 1:38 after Ebola infection Ebola infected cell
Possible Ebola Transmission(s)no usual suspects! It is unknown where the virus dwells…
Community Epidemic Scenario • Secondary transmission within species. • Reciprocal transmission between species. APES/HUMANS INTERMEDIATE HOST RESERVOIR Peter Walsh et al. Nature (2003) Just because a species tests positive for virus or antibodies does not mean that it is a link in the chain of transmission to apes. “Cul de Sac” Hosts Cul de Sac HOST--HUMANS? APES RESERVOIR
All Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks have occurred in African Tropical Forests
Some Ebola outbreaks have occurred in African gallery tropical forest within a savanna matrix
NOAA 14 AVHRR MODISes NOAA 11 AVHRR NOAA 9 AVHRR SPOT NOAA 7 AVHRR 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 SeaWiFS Global NDVI data sources 1981 ---> 2011… NOAA-16 NPP NOAA-17 NOAA9
Hypothesis: very extreme antecedent dry season followed by strong rainy season
the hottest zone ?? These outbreaks don’t conform--travel caused?
Trigger event summary 1991? Threshold?