What you need today

1. What you need today • Text • Notebook • Calculator (optional) • 1/8” = 1’ print of foundation (basement) plan • With dimensions

2. Calculating Building Loads pages 173-177

3. Types of structure loads • Live loads • loads that move or change • furniture, appliance, people, wind, snow, etc. • Dead loads • loads that are constant • The weight of the structure • construction materials & plumbing fixtures, etc.

4. Beams and Girders • Beams or girders support floor joists over long spans. • May be wood or metal. • Wood beams may be built-up or solid. (p.291) • Two types of steel beams • Standard or Wide • Beam size based upon weight of the structure and the span.

5. Typical Steel Beams

6. Loads on the beam • 1/2 of the building’s weight rests on the beam • 1/2 of the building’s weight rests on the foundation walls

7. Weight Supported by Beam

8. Values for residential buildings • 1st floor • live load + dead load = 50 lbs/ft2 • 2nd floor • live load + dead load = 50 lbs/ft2 • Ceiling • live load + dead load = 30 lbs/ft2 • Walls • dead load = 10 lbs/ft2 • Roof has no load on the beam

9. Here’s what you need • Calcualtor • NOTEBOOK! • Copy of floor plan or foundation plan • Architect’s Scale • Determine where your beam(s) will go

10. Let’sBegin!

11. How much weight does your beam need to support?Time to do the math . . . A) AREA = L x W = xxxx sq. ft. B) Floor sq. ft. x 50 lbs./ft =? C) Ceiling sq. ft. x 30 lbs./ft =? D)Subtotal C + B = ? E) ½ total D 2 = ? F) Wall weight length x 8’ x 10 lbs./ft. = ? G) Weight on Beam F + E = ?

12. Now what? • Convert to Kips • Refer to tables • S-Beam or W-Beam • Determine size & spacing of posts • Refer to your textbook pp. 175-177

13. Load Assumptions • First Floor and Second Floor • Live + dead load = 50 pounds per square foot. • Ceiling • Live + dead load = 30 pounds per square foot. • Walls • Dead load = 10 pounds per square foot. • Roof • No load on beam.

14. Weight Calculations Example • Two Story Frame Structure • 28' x 40'. • Area of the House • 1120 square feet per floor. • Wall Area • 320 square foot per wall. • Assumes a bearing wall on each floor.

15. Weight Calculations Example • Foundation of the house.

16. Weight Calculations Example • Weight of first floor = 56,000 lbs. • Weight of second floor = 56,000 lbs. • Weight of ceiling = 33,600 lbs. • Total weight = 145,600 lbs. • Half bears on the beam = 72,800 lbs. • First and second floor wall weight total = 6,400 lbs. • Weight bearing on the beam = 79,200 lbs.

17. Beam capacity tables • S-Beam (p.249) • standard I-beam • W-Beam (p.249) • wide flange I beam • Wood beams • Microllam®

18. Weight Calculations Example • W-beam span and load table. (American Institute of Steel Construction)

19. Typical Steel Beams

20. Weight Calculations Example • Length of beam = 40 feet. • Three columns reduce span to 10'-0" and 19.8 kips(1kip = 1000 pounds). • An 8" x 6 1/2" WF beam will support 23 kips, but an 8” x 4” SF beam will also work and is cheaper

21. Weight Calculations Example • Three supporting posts are added.

22. Weight Calculations Example • Post Selection • Size is determined by weight to be supported and length of post. • Post must support 19.8 kips. • Post length is 8 feet. • Chart (Figure 11-32 in text) shows that a 3" post will support 34 kips.

23. Weight Calculations Example • Weight supported by each post.

24. Weight Calculations Example • Steep pipe columns load table. (American Institute of Steel Construction)